ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE IN THE COASTAL ZONE -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE IN THE COASTEL ZONE: Issues for Further Research -- 1 Overview -- BACKGROUND -- SUMMARY OF PAPERS PRESENTED -- PROBLEMS WITH TRADITIONAL APPROACHES TO COASTAL MANAGEMENT -- INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT -- SUGGESTED ISSUES FOR THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL AND ITS CONSTITUENCIES TO PURSUE -- Modeling Needs for Coastal Management -- Improvements in Coastal Monitoring and Data Archiving -- Efficacy of Environmental Trading and Credits for Mitigating Coastal Habitat Degradation -- Institutional Arrangements -- REFERENCES -- 2 A Synopsis of Coastal Meteorology: A Review of the State of the Science -- INTRODUCTION -- THE ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LEVEL -- THERMALLY DRIVEN EFFECTS -- THE INFLUENCE OF OROGRAPHY -- INTERACTIONS WITH LARGER-SCALE SYSTEMS -- INFLUENCES ON THE COAST OCEAN -- AIR QUALITY -- CAPABILITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES -- Observations -- Models -- Human Resources -- 3 Modeling Transport Processes in the Coastal Ocean -- INTRODUCTION -- COASTAL-CIRCULATION MODELING -- A CASE STUDY: MASSACHUSETTS BAY -- Tidal Currents -- Subtidal Currents -- Mean Flow -- Low-Frequency Fluctuations -- Outfall Plume Dynamics -- FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 4 Coastal Geomorphology -- INTRODUCTION -- REFERENCES -- 5 Rivers and Estuaries: a Hudson Perspective -- INTRODUCTION -- BASIC INFORMATION -- TRENDS AND THE CURRENT SITUATION -- Particle-Associated Contaminant Levels -- Nutrients -- RESEARCH AND REGULATION-DRIVEN MONITORING -- OTHER SPECIFIC RESEARCH AREAS -- Gas Exchange -- Fine-Particle Behavior in the Coastal Environment -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 6 Types of Coastal Zones: Similarities and Differences -- INTRODUCTION -- FACTORS DETERMINING COASTAL ZONE TYPES -- PALEOCLIMATE AND SEA-LEVEL CHANGE.

COASTAL PROCESSES -- Nearshore Circulation -- Littoral Cells and the Budget of Sediment -- COASTAL ZONE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES -- Collision Coasts -- Trailing-Edge and Marginal Sea Coasts -- Arctic Coasts -- Coral Reef Coasts -- REFERENCES -- 7 Landscapes and the Coastal Zone -- INTRODUCTION -- ESTUARINE VARIABILITY IN THE UNITED STATES -- CASE HISTORY: SOUTH FLORIDA HYDROLOGIC CHANGES -- CASE HISTORY: MISSISSIPPI RIVER WATERSHED NUTRIENT ADDITIONS -- CASE HISTORY: LOUISIANA COASTAL WETLAND DREDGE AND FILL -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- 8 Coastal Wetlands: Multiple Management Problems in Southern California -- INTRODUCTION -- The Wastewater Issue -- Raw Sewage from Tijuana -- Management and Policy Needs -- THE MITIGATION ISSUE -- Mitigation Projects in Progress -- An Attempt to Compensate for Lost Endangered Species Habitat -- Management Policies and Issues -- THE STATUS OF RESEARCH ON COASTAL SOTHERN CALIFORNIA ECOSYSTEMS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Attachment 8.1 Major Uses of the Southern California Coast -- Attachment 8.2 Research Priorities for Sustainable Pacific Estuaries -- 9 Coastal Pollution and Waste Management -- INTRODUCTION -- WHAT ARE THE MAJOR PROBLEMS OF THE WORLD'S COASTAL OCEAN? -- WHAT ARE THE MAJOR PROBLEMS OF THE U.S. COASTAL OCEAN? -- POPULATION AND ITS EFFECTS -- SOME TRENDS IN U.S. COASTAL WATERS -- Contaminants -- Pathogens -- Nutrients -- The Top 10 Pollutants in Estuaries -- One Person's List of the 11 Worst (Most Degraded) Estuaries and Near Coastal Regions -- WHAT RESEARCH PRIORITIES HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED? -- SOME POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING -- Sea Level -- Increased Frequency and Intensity of Storms -- SOME OVERLOOKED PROBLEMS/PROCESSES -- Manipulation of River Discharge: A Looming -- The Atmosphere-An Underestimated Source of Contaminants to the Coastal Zone? -- ON THE NEED FOR NEW PARADIGMS -- Science.

On the Need For New Science-Management Paradigms -- A CLOSING OBSERVATION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 10 Coastal Management and Policy -- THE GOVERNANCE SYSTEM -- USING SCIENCE TO INFORM POLICY AND ACTION -- PUBLIC VALUES AND ROLES -- CONCLUSION -- 11 Research and Development Funding for Coastal Science and Management in the United States -- INTRODUCTION -- WHERE ARE THE COASTAL SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS? -- NATIONAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ISSUES -- RESEARCH PRODUCT QUALITY -- TERMINUS -- REFERENCES -- Appendix A Biographical Sketches of Principal Authors -- Appendix B List of Attendees.