Contents v -- Preface xiii -- Acknowledgments xv -- 1 Communication Electronic Warfare Systems 1 -- 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1 -- 1.2 INFORMATION WARFARE 1 -- 1.3 ELECTRONIC WARFARE 3 -- 1.4 ELECTRONIC SUPPORT 5 -- 1.5 ELECTRONIC ATTACK 10 -- 1.6 TYPICAL EW SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 11 -- 1.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS 16 -- References 16 -- 2 Electromagnetic Signal Propagation 19 -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION 19 -- 2.2 SIGNAL PROPAGATION 19 -- 2.3 RF BAND DESIGNATIONS 20 -- 2.4 POLARIZATION 22 -- 2.5 POWER DENSITY 22 -- 2.6 FREE-SPACE PROPAGATION 24 -- 2.7 DIRECT WAVE 27 -- 2.8 WAVE DIFFRACTION 33 -- 2.9 REFLECTED WAVES 35 -- 2.10 SURFACE WAVE 40 -- 2.11 DUCTING 41 -- 2.12 METEOR BURST 41 -- 2.13 SCATTERING 42 -- 2.14 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MOBILE VHF CHANNEL 43 -- 2.15 PROPAGATION VIA THE IONOSPHERE 46 -- 2.16 CONCLUDING REMARKS 52 -- References 53 -- 3 Noise and Interference 55 -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION 55 -- 3.2 THERMAL NOISE 56 -- 3.3 INTERNAL NOISE SOURCES 56 -- 3.4 EXTERNAL NOISE SOURCES 57 -- 3.5 COCHANNEL AND MULTIPATH INTERFERENCE 59 -- 3.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS 60 -- References 60 -- 4 Radio Communication Technologies 61 -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION 61 -- 4.2 MODULATION 63 -- 4.3 CODING OF COMMUNICATION SIGNALS 110 -- 4.4 MODEMS 134 -- 4.5 FACSIMILE 140 -- 4.6 COMMUNICATION SECURITY 140 -- 4.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS 148 -- References 149 -- 5 System Engineering 151 -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION 151 -- 5.2 SYSTEM ENGINEERING 151 -- 5.3 CONCLUDING REMARKS 175 -- References 176 -- 6 Electronic Support 177 -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION 177 -- 6.2 INTERCEPT 177 -- 6.3 GEOLOCATION 179 -- 6.4 TRIANGULATION WITH MULTIPLE BEARINGS 180 -- 6.5 DEPLOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS 184 -- 6.6 ELECTRONIC MAPPING 185 -- 6.7 COMMON OPERATIONAL PICTURE 185 -- 6.8 OPERATIONAL INTEGRATION WITH OTHER DISCIPLINES 186.

6.9 SUPPORT TO TARGETING 187 -- 6.10 CONCLUDING REMARKS 187 -- References 187 -- 7 Electronic Attack 189 -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION 189 -- 7.2 COMMUNICATION JAMMING 189 -- 7.3 JAMMER DEPLOYMENT 193 -- 7.4 LOOK-THROUGH 194 -- 7.5 ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS 195 -- 7.6 DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS 196 -- 7.7 NARROWBAND/PARTIAL-BAND JAMMING 197 -- 7.8 BARRAGE JAMMING 198 -- 7.9 JAMMING LPI TARGETS 201 -- 7.10 FOLLOWER JAMMER 202 -- 7.11 CONCLUDING REMARKS 203 -- References 203 -- 8 Antennas 207 -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION 207 -- 8.2 ISOTROPIC ANTENNA 209 -- 8.3 ANTENNA GAIN 210 -- 8.4 WIRE ANTENNAS 211 -- 8.5 ACTIVE ANTENNAS 220 -- 8.6 APERTURE ANTENNAS 222 -- 8.7 GENETICALLY DESIGNED ANTENNAS 225 -- 8.8 MORE ON ANTENNA GAIN 226 -- 8.9 CONCLUDING REMARKS 228 -- References 228 -- 9 Receivers 231 -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION 231 -- 9.2 RECEIVERS 232 -- 9.3 TYPES OF RECEIVERS 246 -- 9.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS 263 -- References 264 -- 10 Signal Processing 265 -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION 265 -- 10.2 ORTHOGONAL FUNCTIONS 266 -- 10.3 TRANSFORMS 267 -- 10.4 CYCLOSTATIONARY SIGNAL PROCESSING 286 -- 10.5 HIGHER-ORDER STATISTICS 289 -- 10.6 APPLICATIONS 291 -- 10.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS 328 -- References 329 -- 11 Direction-Finding Position-Fixing Techniques 331 -- 11.1 INTRODUCTION 331 -- 11.2 BEARING ESTIMATION 331 -- 11.3 POSITION-FIXING ALGORITHMS 379 -- 11.4 SINGLE-SITE LOCATION TECHNIQUES 391 -- 11.5 FIX ACCURACY 392 -- 11.6 FIX COVERAGE 396 -- 11.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS 399 -- References 401 -- 12 Hyperbolic Position-Fixing Techniques 403 -- 12.1 INTRODUCTION 403 -- 12.2 TIME DIFFERENCE OF ARRIVAL 403 -- 12.3 DIFFERENTIAL DOPPLER 410 -- 12.4 CROSS-AMBIGUITY FUNCTION PROCESSING 414 -- 12.5 TIME OF ARRIVAL 418 -- 12.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS 422 -- References 422 -- 13 Exciters and Power Amplifiers 425.

13.1 INTRODUCTION 425 -- 13.2 EXCITERS 425 -- 13.3 POWER AMPLIFIERS 431 -- 13.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS 451 -- References 451 -- 14 Early-Entry Organic Electronic Support 453 -- 14.1 INTRODUCTION 453 -- 14.2 TARGET MODEL 454 -- 14.3 INTERCEPT SYSTEM MODEL 455 -- 14.4 SIMULATION RESULTS 459 -- 14.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS 469 -- References 471 -- 15 Detection and Geolocation of Frequency-Hopping Communication Emitters 473 -- 15.1 INTRODUCTION 473 -- 15.2 ANALYSIS 473 -- 15.3 SIMULATION 476 -- 15.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS 486 -- References 486 -- 16 Signal Detection Range 487 -- 16.1 INTRODUCTION 487 -- 16.2 NOISE LIMITS ON DETECTION RANGE 490 -- 16.3 TARGETS 491 -- 16.4 DETECTION RANGE WITH THE REFLECTION PROPAGATION MODEL 491 -- 16.5 CONCLUDING REMARKS 501 -- References 503 -- 17 Electronic Attack: UAV and Ground-Based 505 -- 17.1 INTRODUCTION 505 -- 17.2 SIGNAL PROPAGATION AT LONG RANGES 506 -- 17.3 JAMMING ERP 507 -- 17.4 TARGETS 508 -- 17.5 RLOS 508 -- 17.6 UAV JAMMER 509 -- 17.7 GROUND-BASED JAMMER 511 -- 17.8 EXPENDABLE JAMMER 513 -- 17.9 CONCLUDING REMARKS 514 -- References 516 -- Appendix A: Probability and Random Variables 517 -- A.1 INTRODUCTION 517 -- A.2 MEANS, EXPECTED VALUES, AND MOMENT FUNCTIONS OF RANDOM VARIABLES 517 -- A.3 PROBABILITY 520 -- A.4 GAUSSIAN DENSITY FUNCTION 525 -- A.5 KURTOSIS 527 -- A.6 SKEWNESS 527 -- A.7 USEFUL CHARACTERISTICS OF PROBABILITIES, DENSITY FUNCTIONS, AND DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS 528 -- A.8 CONCLUDING REMARKS 528 -- Reference 528 -- Appendix B: Simulated Networks 529 -- B.1 INTRODUCTION 529 -- List of Acronyms 539 -- About the Author 545 -- Index 547.