Handbook of Real-World Applications in Modeling and Simulation -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1 Research and Analysis for Real-World Applications -- 1.1 Introduction and Learning Objectives -- 1.1.1 Learning Objectives -- 1.2 Background -- 1.3 M&S Theory and Toolbox -- 1.3.1 Simulation Paradigms -- 1.3.2 Types of Modeling -- 1.3.3 Modeling Applications -- 1.4 Research and Analysis Methodologies -- Case Study: A Methodology for M&S Project Progression -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Exercises -- References -- 2 Human Behavior Modeling: A Real-World Application -- 2.1 Introduction and Learning Objectives -- 2.2 Background and Theory -- 2.2.1 Classical Decision Theory -- 2.2.2 Naturalistic Decision Making -- 2.2.3 Recognition-Primed Decision Model -- 2.2.4 Military Decision Making -- 2.2.5 Computational Techniques for Implementing the CJTF Decision Process -- 2.2.6 Summary of the State-of-the-Art -- Case Studies -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Exercises -- References -- Appendix: A Decision Scenario and Associated Data -- 3 Transportation -- 3.1 Introduction and Learning Objectives -- 3.2 Background -- 3.3 Theory -- 3.3.1 Simulation Levels -- 3.3.2 Traffic Analysis Zones -- 3.3.3 The Four-Step Model -- 3.3.4 Method of Successive Averages -- 3.3.5 Volume Delay Functions -- 3.3.6 Dynamic Traffic Assignment -- 3.4 Transportation Modeling Applications -- 3.4.1 Traffic Demand Models -- 3.4.2 Public Transportation Models -- 3.4.3 Freight Modeling -- 3.4.4 Evacuation Simulations -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Exercises -- References -- Further Reading -- 4 Homeland Security Risk Modeling -- 4.1 Introduction and Learning Objectives -- 4.2 Background -- 4.2.1 Bioterrorism Risk Assessment 2006 -- 4.2.2 Estimating Likelihood of Terrorist Events -- 4.2.3 Risk Assessed as a Function of Threat, Vulnerability, and Consequence.

4.3 Theory and Applications in Risk Modeling -- 4.3.1 Philosophical Considerations -- 4.3.2 Ontology and Epistemology -- 4.3.3 Issues and Implications for the Risk Analyst -- 4.3.4 Philosophical Considerations Summary -- 4.3.5 System Principals and Applications for the Risk Analyst -- 4.3.6 Factors in Developing a Risk Assessment Study Plan -- 4.3.7 Scope and Bound in a Risk Study: Constraints, Limitations, and Assumptions -- 4.3.8 Well-Known Challenge in Homeland Security Studies -- 4.4 Elements of a Study Plan -- 4.5 Modeling Paradigms -- 4.5.1 Simple Verses Complex Methodologies -- 4.5.2 Quantitative and Qualitative Designs -- 4.5.3 Modeling Approaches and Examples -- 4.5.4 Verification and Validation for Risk Models -- Case Studies -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Exercises -- References -- Further Reading -- 5 Operations Research -- 5.1 Introduction and Learning Objectives -- 5.2 Background -- 5.2.1 OR Techniques -- 5.3 Theory -- 5.3.1 Problem Structuring Methods -- 5.3.2 Queuing Theory -- 5.3.3 Decision Analysis -- 5.3.4 Game Theory -- 5.3.5 Optimization -- 5.4 Modeling Paradigms -- Case Studies -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Exercises -- References -- Further Reading -- 6 Business Process Modeling -- 6.1 Introduction and Learning Objectives -- 6.2 Background -- 6.3 Discrete-Event Simulation -- 6.3.1 Introduction -- 6.3.2 Fundamentals -- 6.3.3 Queuing System Model Components -- 6.3.4 Time Advance Mechanism -- 6.3.5 Simulation Flowchart -- 6.4 Discrete-Event Simulation Case Study -- 6.4.1 Introduction -- 6.4.2 Background -- 6.4.3 Research Question -- 6.4.4 Overview of Optimization Model -- 6.4.5 The Simulation Model -- 6.4.6 Experimental Setting -- 6.4.7 Simulation Parameterization and Execution -- 6.4.8 Weigh Zones and Product Reassignment -- 6.4.9 Results -- 6.5 System Dynamics Simulation -- 6.5.1 Introduction -- 6.5.2 Fundamentals.

6.5.3 The Stock and Flow Diagrams -- 6.5.4 Model Calibration -- 6.5.5 Model Testing -- 6.5.6 Population Modeling Exercise -- 6.5.7 Application of System Dynamics -- 6.5.8 Background -- 6.5.9 Research Question -- 6.5.10 Dynamic Hypothesis -- 6.5.11 Causal Loop Diagram -- 6.5.12 Stock and Flow Model -- 6.5.13 Simulation and Results -- 6.5.14 Conclusions -- 6.6 Monte Carlo Simulation -- 6.6.1 Introduction -- 6.6.2 Fundamentals -- 6.6.3 Probability Theory and Monte Carlo -- 6.6.4 Central Limit Theorem -- 6.6.5 Three-Sigma Rule -- 6.6.6 Monte Carlo Case Study -- 6.6.7 Research Question -- 6.6.8 Model Parameters -- 6.6.9 Simulation Procedure -- 6.6.10 Estimating Profit -- 6.6.11 Excel Implementation -- 6.6.12 Outcomes -- 6.6.13 Conclusions -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Review Questions -- References -- 7 A Review of Mesh Generation for Medical Simulators -- 7.1 Introduction and Learning Objectives -- 7.2 Background-A Survey of Relevant Biomechanics and Open-Source Software -- 7.2.1 Architecture of an Interactive Medical Simulator -- 7.2.2 Mechanics of Tissue Manipulation in Medical Simulation -- 7.2.3 Mechanics of Tissue Cutting and Resection in Medical Simulation -- 7.2.4 Open-Source Resources in Medical Simulation -- 7.3 Theory-The Impact of Element Quality and Size on Simulation -- 7.4 Modeling Paradigms-Methods for Mesh Generation -- 7.4.1 Structured Tetrahedral Mesh Generation -- 7.4.2 Unstructured Tetrahedral Mesh Generation -- 7.4.3 Octree-Based Unstructured Tetrahedral Mesh Generation -- 7.4.4 Delaunay Unstructured Tetrahedral Mesh Generation -- 7.4.5 Advancing Front Unstructured Tetrahedral Mesh Generation -- 7.4.6 Optimization-Based Unstructured Tetrahedral Mesh Generation -- 7.4.7 Unstructured Surface Mesh Generation -- Case Studies -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Acknowledgments -- Exercises -- References -- 8 Military Interoperability Challenges.

8.1 Introduction and Learning Objectives -- 8.2 Background -- 8.2.1 Overview -- 8.2.2 State of the Art in Interoperability -- 8.2.3 Levels of Interoperability -- 8.2.4 Current Approaches to Interoperation -- 8.3 Theory -- 8.3.1 Data Models -- 8.3.2 A Relational Model of Data in M&S Systems -- Case Study: Live Virtual Constructive Simulation Environments -- 8.4 Live Virtual Constructive -- 8.5 LVC Examples -- 8.6 Distributed Simulation Engineering and Execution Process (DSEEP) -- 8.7 LVC Architecture Framework (LVCAF) -- 8.8 Simulation Systems -- Summary -- Key Terms -- Exercises -- References -- Index.