Contents -- PART I: COLONIAL AMERICA -- 1. The First Quaker Conscientious Objectors in America, 1658 -- 2. Rhode Island, 1673: "None to be compelled to train or fight against their consciences" -- 3. Witnessing to the Quaker Peace Testimony -- A. Letter to the Governor of New York, 1672 -- B. From the Minutes of New England Yearly Meeting, 1712 -- C. Hatsell Okelley, 1748 -- 4. Quakers and Naval Impressment, 1705 -- 5. Conscientious Objectors in the French and Indian War -- A. From Joshua Evans's Journal, 1756 -- B. From John Woolman's Journal, 1757 -- C. Colonel George Washington and the Quaker Conscientious Objectors, 1760 -- D. Virginia Mennonites and the Militia, 1755-1761 -- PART II: ENGLISH WEST INDIES -- 6. Militia "Sufferings" among Quakers -- A. Barbados, 1678-1686 -- B. Jamaica, 1683-1691 -- 7. Alternative Service and the Quakers of Antigua -- PART III: REVOLUTIONARY AMERICA -- 8. Quaker Militia Penalties -- 9. Dilemmas of a Quaker Tax and Paper Currency Objector -- 10. The German Peace Sects of Pennsylvania and the Draft -- 11. A Peace Sect Wrestles with the Problem of Hiring a Substitute -- 12. The Conscientious Objection of a Methodist Preacher -- 13. The Moravian Brethren and War -- A. The Pacifism of John Ettwein -- B. Moravians and the Draft: An Ambiguous Witness -- PART IV: UPPER CANADA -- 14. Legislative Exemption for Peace Sects -- 15. Quakers and Military Requisitions, 1810-1817 -- 16. A Quaker Family in the War of 1812 -- 17. Quaker Conscientious Objectors in Rural Upper Canada, 1840 -- PART V: THE NEW REPUBLIC TO ANTEBELLUM AMERICA -- 18. Continuing Quaker Witness against War, 1801-1824 -- 19. A Quaker Petition against Militia Conscription, 1810 -- 20. A Small-Sect Militia Objector -- 21. Pleas for Exemption of Nonsectarian Militia Objectors -- A. From the Massachusetts Peace Society, 1818.

B. From the New England Nonresistance Society, 1838 -- 22. William Lloyd Garrison as a Militia Objector, 1829 -- 23. Should "Pacific Exempts" Pay Militia Fines? -- 24. Nonsectarian Militia Objectors in Jail -- A. "But do men ever go to prison rather than train?" -- B. From Boston's Leverett Street Jail, 1839 and 1840 -- 25. Dilemmas of Quaker Conscientious Objectors in Antebellum America -- A. Militia Fines -- B. Imprisonment of Four New York Quakers, Spring 1839 -- PART VI: CIVIL WAR AMERICA -- 26. A Garrisonian Mother and Her Draft-Age Sons -- 27. William Lloyd Garrison and His Son's Exemption from Military Drill at School -- 28. Conscript Dilemmas at the Hopedale Community -- 29. Draft Experiences of a Conscripted Shaker -- 30. The Civil War Diary of a Quaker Conscript -- 31. Trials of a Quaker Conscientious Objector in the Confederate Army -- 32. A Reluctant Conscientious Objector -- 33. A Consistent War-Tax Objector -- 34. A Mennonite Farmer Hires a Substitute -- 35. Brethren and Mennonites as Exiles from the Confederate Draft -- 36. Adventists Confront the Draft -- 37. A Disciple of Christ Goes the Second Mile -- 38. Christadelphians and the Draft.