Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- List of Contributors -- List of Editors -- About the Editors -- Foreword by Daniel Hillel and Cynthia Rosenzweig -- Foreword by M.S. Swaminathan -- Foreword by Martin Parry -- Foreword by Ahmed Djoghlaf -- Foreword by Cary Fowler -- Foreword by David K. Skelly -- Foreword by Walter P. Falcon -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1.1: Climate Change, Population Growth, and Crop Production: An Overview -- Introduction -- Global scenarios on future greenhouse gas emissions and population growth -- Climate impacts on crop productivity -- Adaptation options in agriculture -- Conclusions -- Chapter 1.2: Downscaling Global Climatic Predictions to the Regional Level: A Case Study of Regional Effects of Climate Change on Wheat Crop Production in Victoria, Australia -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 2: Agroecology: Implications for Plant Response to Climate Change -- Introduction -- Energy balance -- Changing CO2 concentrations on plant growth -- CO2-nutrient interactions -- Water-use efficiency -- Climate impacts on crop yields -- Implications for agroecology -- Chapter 3.1: Impacts of Climate Change on Crop Production in Latin America -- Introduction: A background on agriculture in Latin America -- Expected climate change in Latin America -- Past impacts of climate on production -- Looking toward the future -- Conclusions -- Chapter 3.2: Changing Climate in North America: Implications for Crops -- Introduction -- Climate change -- Implications of climate change -- Challenges -- Chapter 3.3: Regional Impacts of Climate Change: Africa -- Introduction -- Climate change and agricultural production in Africa -- Climate-dependent challenges -- Perception of African farmers to climate change -- Coping and adaptation strategies to climate variability and change.

Conclusion -- Recommendations -- Chapter 3.4: Regional Climate Impacts on Agriculture in Europe -- Agriculture in Europe -- Present climate conditions for agriculture -- Climate change impacts -- A specific adaptation option: Crop insurance in Spain -- Chapter 3.5: Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations in the Countries of the Former Soviet Union -- Introduction -- Geography of agriculture -- Climate change impacts and adaptations -- Discussion -- Chapter 3.6: Climate Change Impact in Agriculture: Vulnerability and Adaptation Concerns of Semiarid Tropics in Asia -- Introduction -- Climate change vulnerability in semiarid tropics of Asia -- Climate change impacts in Asia -- Adaptation to climate change -- Conclusions -- Future line of investigation -- Chapter 3.7: Climate Change Impacts in Japan and Southeast Asia: Implications for Crop Adaptation -- Introduction -- Climatic change in Japan and Southeast Asia -- Projected climate change impacts on crops -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 3.8: Regional Impacts: Australia -- Introduction -- Climate and climate change in Australian cropping regions -- Grains, oilseeds, and legumes -- Rice -- Sugarcane -- Viticulture -- Fruits, nuts, and vegetables (excluding grapes) -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 4: Synthesis of Regional Impacts and Global Agricultural Adjustments -- Introduction -- Climate change predictions -- Implications for crop production -- Interventions to minimize climate change impacts -- Other implications of climate change -- Chapter 5.1: Impacts of High-Temperature Stress and Potential Opportunities for Breeding -- Introduction -- Effect of high temperature on yield and yield components -- Interaction of high temperature with carbon dioxide -- Effects of CO2 and temperature on C3 and C4 species.

Traits of interest and breeding opportunities for high-temperature tolerance -- Breeding for adaptation to increased temperature stress -- Sources of genetic variation for heat tolerance -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 5.2: Responses to Increased Moisture Stress and Extremes: Whole Plant Response to Drought under Climate Change -- Introduction -- Thermodynamic effects -- Growth and development processes -- Conclusion -- Chapter 6: Plant Responses to Increased Carbon Dioxide -- Introduction -- Methods to investigate crop responses to CO2 -- Overview of plant growth response to e[CO2] -- Regulation of photosynthetic response to e[CO2] -- Interactions of e[CO2] with climate factors -- Summary and future directions -- Chapter 7: Genetics Options for Improving the Productivity of Wheat in Water-Limited and Temperature-Stressed Environments -- Introduction -- Traits that influence plant response to drought and high temperature -- Sources of genetic variation for drought and heat tolerance -- Combining genetic variation for drought and heat tolerance in applied wheat breeding -- Managing plant breeding information to make better decisions: The importance of informatics -- Integrating genetic improvement and conservation agriculture to increase productivity under stress -- Conclusion -- Chapter 8: Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: Pea -- Introduction -- Research on climate change and pea -- Genetic resources, gene pools, populations -- Genetic manipulation -- Chapter 9: Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: Chickpea -- Introduction -- Climates of the chickpea growing regions -- Future climate change impacts on chickpea -- Adaptation of chickpea to climate change -- Conclusions -- Chapter 10: Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: faba bean -- Introduction -- Genotype × environment interactions -- Resistance to freezing and waterlogging.

Resistance to drought, heat, and salinity -- Adaptation to elevated carbon dioxide concentration in the air -- Resistance to parasites and diseases -- Interactions with beneficial organisms -- Conclusion -- Chapter 11: Adaptation of the Potato Crop to Changing Climates -- Introduction -- Expected climate change effects for potato areas -- Potato responses to climate change effects-heat, drought, and cold stress -- Potato biodiversity-sources for abiotic stress tolerance -- Breeding for abiotic stress tolerance in potato -- Conclusions -- Chapter 12: Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: Rice -- Introduction -- Direct effects of elevated CO2 concentration -- High nighttime temperature -- Interaction of CO2 concentration and temperature -- Opportunities for genetic improvement for tolerance -- Conclusion and outlook -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 13: Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: Maize -- Introduction -- Drought limits the capacity to produce and utilize photosynthate for reproductive growth -- Molecular approaches to improve performance under drought -- Optimizing root architecture and function for drought tolerance -- Pipeline for analysis of candidate genes for drought tolerance -- Temperature effects on maize growth and yield -- Prospects for the near future -- Chapter 14: Sorghum Genetic Enhancement for Climate Change Adaptation -- Introduction -- Climate change impacts on sorghum production -- Predicted climate change effects on crop growth and yield in major sorghum growing areas -- Disaggregated effects of predicted changes in temperatures and rainfall on sorghum yields -- Characteristics of sorghum that help in coping with climate change -- Climate change adaptation and genetic options -- Redeployment of germplasm -- Drought tolerance -- Heat tolerance -- Chapter 15: Breeding Cowpea for Future Climates -- Introduction.

Adaptation to elevated atmospheric [CO2] -- Adaptation to global warming -- Conclusions -- Chapter 16: Genetic Improvement of Common Beans and the Challenges of Climate Change -- Introduction -- Crop evolution and context -- Modeling approach and expected climatic changes -- Climate data -- Modeling approach -- Interaction of climate change with specific constraints -- Potential for crop improvement -- Future perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 17: Improving Soybean Cultivars for Adaptation to Climate Change and Climate Variability -- Introduction -- Elevated carbon dioxide and genetic improvement of soybean -- Effects of elevated temperature on soybean reproductive processes and yield -- Drought and genetic improvement of soybean -- Conclusion and future challenges -- Chapter 18: Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: Vegetables -- Global warming and vegetable productivity in the tropics -- Genetic variability and development of heat tolerance in selected vegetables -- Vegetable genetic resources and adaptation to global warming -- Chapter 19: Adaptation of Cassava to Changing Climates -- Introduction -- Expected climatic changes and the cassava models -- Abiotic stresses: expected effects -- Biotic stresses: expected effects -- Technical solutions -- Chapter 20: Changing Climates: Effects on Growing Conditions for Banana and Plantain (Musa spp.) and Possible Responses -- Introduction -- Modeling approach -- Climatic requirements for banana production and modeling of current climatic suitability for banana production -- Future perspectives and adaptation measures -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 21: Genetic Adjustment to Changing Climates: Sugarcane -- Introduction -- Genetic background -- Use of sugarcane for bioenergy -- Traits for climate change -- Conclusions -- Chapter 22: Breeding Oilseed Brassica for Climate Change.

Introduction.