CONTENTS -- Preface -- Policy -- SPACE-BASED RESEARCH IN FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS AND QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES S. G. Turyshev, U. E. Israelsson, M. Shao, N. Yu, A. Kusenko, E. L. Wright, C.W. F. Everitt, M. Kasevich, J. A. Lipa, J. C. Mester, R. D. Reasenberg, R. L. Walsworth, N. Ashby, H. Gould and H. J. Paik -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Fundamental Physics in Space: Great Potential for Discovery -- 2.1. Search for a new theory of gravity and cosmology with experiments in space -- 2.1.1. Test of Einstein's equivalence principle -- 2.1.2. Test of the variation of fundamental constants -- 2.1.3. Search for new physics via tests of the gravitational inverse square law -- 2.1.4. Tests of alternative and modi.ed gravity theories with gravitational experiments in the solar system -- 2.2. Detection and study of gravitational waves -- 2.3. Precision research in cosmology -- 2.4. Space-based e.orts in astroparticle physics -- 2.4.1. Detection of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos from space -- 2.4.2. Identifying the dark matter particles by their properties -- 2.5. Search for physics beyond the standard model with space-based experiments -- 2.5.1. Probing the special theory of relativity in space-based clock comparison experiments -- 2.5.2. Search for the electron's electric dipole moment -- 2.6. Cold atom physics, new frequency standards and quantum technologies -- 2.6.1. Highly accurate optical clocks -- 2.6.2. Femtosecond optical frequency combs in space -- 2.6.3. Atomic quantum sensors -- 3. Discussion and Recommendations -- 3.1. Include fundamental physics in the NAS' Decadal Survey in Astronomy and Astrophysics -- 3.2. Establish an interagency fundamental physics task force -- 3.3. Establish a NASA-led program dedicated to space-based efforts in fundamental physics.

3.4. Enrich and broaden NASA's advisory structure with space-based laboratory fundamental physics -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix A. Advantages of Carrying out Physics Research in Space -- A.1. Access to signi.cant variations of gravitational potential and acceleration -- A.2. Greatly reduced contribution of nongravitational sources of noise -- A.3. Access to large distances, velocities, and separations -- availability of remote benchmarks and inertial references -- A.4. Access to vacuum conditions of space -- A.5. Availability of critical technologies -- Appendix B. Fundamental Physics in Space: Lessons from the Past and Prospects for the Future -- B.1. Dedicated missions to test relativistic gravity -- B.2. Missions of opportunity on planetary missions -- References -- SPACE-BASED SCIENCE AND THE AMERICAN COMPETITIVENESS INITIATIVE J. H. Marburger, III -- Reference -- FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS AT NASA: TWO CRITICAL ISSUES AND FAIRBANK'S PRINCIPLE C. W. F. Everitt -- 1. Space and Fundamental Physics -- 2. NASA Contributions to Date -- 3. Roadmap for Fundamental Physics in Space -- 4. The 1999 NASA Advisory Council Recommendation I: Background -- 5. The 1999 NAC Recommendation II: An Unfortunate NASA Response -- 6. The Demolition of Code U Fundamental Physics -- 7. The Way Forward -- Acknowledgments -- ADDRESSING THE CRISIS IN FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS C. W. Stubbs -- 1. Introduction: The "Standard Models" of Particle Physics and Cosmology -- 2. The Observational Evidence for Dark Energy -- 2.1. Dark energy constitutes a crisis in fundamental physics -- 3. The Present Theoretical Situation -- 4. The Present Observational Situation -- 4.1. It could get grim -- 5. Precision Fundamental Physics Experiments and the Dark Energy Problem -- 6. The Role of Space-Based Projects -- 7. An Example - Laser Ranging in the Solar System -- 8. An Exhortation -- Acknowledgments.

References -- LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS FOR FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS IN SPACE W. D. Phillips -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Clocks -- 3. Atom Interferometers -- 4. Femptocombs and Other Applications -- 5. Conclusions -- FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS ACTIVITIES IN THE HME DIRECTORATE OF THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY L. Cacciapuoti and O. Minster -- 1. Fundamental Physics Research in Space -- 2. The HME Program in Fundamental Physics -- 3. The ACES Mission -- 4. Second Generation of Atomic Quantum Sensors for Space Applications -- 4.1. Space optical clocks -- 4.2. Atom interferometry sensors for space applications -- 4.3. BEC in space -- 5. Quantum Communication for Space Experiments -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- LESSONS FROM INTRODUCING NEW SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES INTO EUROPEAN SPACE RESEARCH M. C. E. Huber -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Space Technology Available Then and Now -- 3. How to Insert Fundamental Physics into Space Programs -- 3.1. Prélude: The scientific advisory structure of ESA -- 3.2. The long march to success for solar physics at ESA -- 3.3. Introducing planetary sciences at ESA -- 4. The Roller Coaster for Fundamental Physics at ESA -- 5. The Elements of Success that Got Solar Physics into ESA -- 6. The Elements of Success for Planetary Sciences at ESA -- 7. Conclusions and Suggestions -- Appendix A. What Should Fall Under the Label "Fundamental Physics"? -- Acknowledgments -- References -- NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION VISION IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS R. N. Boyd -- 1. Dark Matter Searches -- 2. Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays -- 3. High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy -- 4. Neutrino Astronomy -- 5. Synthesizing the Heaviest Elements in the Cosmos -- 6. The Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) -- 7. Roadmapping the Future -- References -- THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS PROGRAM K. Turner -- 1. Introduction.

2. Recommendations -- 2.1. Dark energy -- 2.2. SDSS -- 2.3. CDMS-II -- 2.4. Pierre Auger Observatory -- 2.5. VERITAS -- 2.6. GLAST -- 2.7. AMS -- 3. Conclusion -- References -- Gravitational Theory -- DARK ENERGY, DARK MATTER AND GRAVITY O. Bertolami -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Scalar-Tensor Theories of Gravity -- 3. Gravitational Experiments in Space -- 3.1. Lunar laser-ranging: APOLLO facility -- 3.2. The LATOR mission -- 3.3. A mission to test the Pioneer anomaly -- 4. Discussion and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- OBSERVABLE CONSEQUENCES OF STRONG COUPLING IN THEORIES WITH LARGE DISTANCE MODIFIED GRAVITY G. Dvali -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Unitarity Constraints -- 3. Extra Polarizations -- 4. The Strong Coupling of Longitudinal Gravitons, and the Concept of r -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- THEORY AND PHENOMENOLOGY OF DGP GRAVITY C. De.ayet -- 1. Preface -- 2. A short Introduction to DGP Gravity -- 3. Cosmology and Phenomenology of DGP Gravity -- 3.1. Homogeneous cosmology -- 3.2. Matching cosmological data with the self-accelerating solution -- 3.3. Cosmological perturbations -- 3.4. Spherically symmetric solution for nonrelativistic sources -- 4. Discussion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- TESTING STRONG MOND BEHAVIOR IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM J. Magueijo and J. Bekenstein -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Formalism -- 3. Heuristics of the MOND Bubbles -- 4. Accounting for the Curl Term -- 5. The Quasi-Newtonian Region -- 6. The Deep MOND Region -- 7. The Realistic Solar System -- 8. Targets for the LISA Pathfinder -- References -- CONSTRAINING TeVeS GRAVITY AS EFFECTIVE DARK MATTER AND DARK ENERGY H. Zhao -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Challenges to dark matter and dark energy -- 2. TeVeS Framework -- 3. Connecting Galaxies with Cosmology -- 4. Hubble Expansion and Late Time Acceleration -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments.

References -- COSMIC ACCELERATION AND MODIFIED GRAVITY M. Trodden -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Challenge -- 3. A Simple Model: f(R) Gravity -- 3.1. A simple example -- 4. Extensions: Higher-Order Curvature Invariants -- 4.1. Another simple example -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- A MODIFIED GRAVITY AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR THE SOLAR SYSTEM, ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY J. W. Mo.at -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Action and Field Equations -- 3. Modified Newtonian Acceleration Law and Galaxy Dynamics -- 4. Solar System and Binary Pulsar -- 5. Pioneer Anomaly -- 6. Gravitational Lensing -- 7. Modified Friedmann Equations in Cosmology -- 8. Acoustical Peaks in the CMB Power Spectrum -- 9. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- LONG RANGE GRAVITY TESTS AND THE PIONEER ANOMALY S. Reynaud and M.-T. Jaekel -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Gravity Tests in the Solar System -- 3. The Pioneer Anomaly -- 4. A Key Question: Is the Pioneer Anomaly Compatible with Other Gravity Tests? -- 5. Post-Einsteinian Metric Theories of Gravity -- 6. Phenomenological Consequences -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Gravitational Experiment -- EXPERIMENTAL GRAVITY IN SPACE - HISTORY, TECHNIQUES AND PROSPECTS R. W. Hellings -- 1. History -- 2. PPN Tests -- 3. Gravitational Astronomy -- 4. Prospects -- 5. Conclusion -- PROBING SPACE-TIME IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM: FROM CASSINI TO BepiColombo L. Iess and S. Asmar -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Cassini Experiment -- 3. Measurement Techniques -- 4. The BepiColombo Experiment -- 5. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- APOLLO: A NEW PUSH IN LUNAR LASER RANGING T. W. Murphy, Jr, E. L. Michelson, A. E. Orin, E. G. Adelberger, C. D. Hoyle, H. E. Swanson, C. W. Stubbs and J. B. Battat -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Link Equation -- 3. APOLLO System Overview -- 3.1. Telescope -- 3.2. APOLLO laser -- 3.3. APD arrays.

3.4. Time-zero fiducial.