Foreword BIRD -- Fluid Design & Research -- Design as Research Paradigm -- Design as a Transitory Discipline -- The Things in Design -- The Production of Things Through Use -- Relevance in Relation to Research -- Explorations -- A View of Other Disciplines -- Use and Redefinitions of Use in Literature -- A Synopsis of Design History from the Perspective of Use -- The Cultural History of Object Use -- Design Publications -- Use and Usefulness in Sociology -- Related Strategies of Discovery -- Art and Literature -- Architecture -- Science -- Intentional Re-Design -- Design as a Manifesto -- Scarcity Societies -- German Democratic Republic (GDR): Instructions for DIY -- The Post-War Period: Turning Steel Helmets into Chamber Pots -- "Third World": Recycling the Waste of the Rich -- Ecological Design -- Deliberate Abandonment of Products -- Commercialization -- DIYers and Hobbyists -- Strategies of Appropriation -- Non-Intentional Design from an Empiricist Perspective -- Contradictions in the Object: Design Intention and Use -- Form and Function as Characteristics of Use -- Dealing with Meaning -- Everyday Use - Design Intention -- The Privacy of Home -- Public Space -- New Media -- The Personal Computer -- NID in the Area of Computer Software - Example: Internet -- The Subjects: Objects of, and Reasons for, Repurposing -- Methodology -- The Sample -- Spaces and Rooms -- Gender Comparison of Instances of Repurposing by Room or Space -- Repurposed Objects -- Gender Comparison of Instances of Repurposing -- Personal NIDs and Favourite NIDs -- Reasons for Repurposing -- Preferences -- Gender Comparison of Reasons for Repurposing -- Exemplary Target Group Differentiation: Nationality, Profession, Age -- Example: Nationality -- Example: Profession -- Example: Age Group -- The Objects -- Simple Things.

Cheap Products and Disposable Products -- Multifunctional Products -- Media Products -- Radio and Television -- The Car -- Architectural Elements: Walls, Floors, Stairs -- The Wall: Noticeboard and Supporting Structure -- The Floor: Interior and Exterior Seating Alternative -- The Stairs: A Place for Sitting, Playing, and Sports -- The Process of Discovery -- Product Characteristics: Form, Material, Value, and Availability -- The Time Factor: Finding a Solution and Permanent Changes of Use -- Reversibility: Returning to the Original State -- An Example: Rain Protection without Umbrellas -- Personality: Pro or Contra Types -- Non-intentional Design in Public Spaces -- Designed Environments -- Urban Passengers -- Objects in Public Spaces -- Private Objects and Communal Goods -- Repurposing: Sitting, Informing, Securing -- Sitting -- Providing Information -- Securing Bicycles -- Constructive and Destructive Repurposing -- Appropriation -- Self-Determination -- Public Man - Private Woman? -- Design between Subject and Object -- The Beautiful and the Good according to Plato -- From Idea to Object: Design -- From Object to Idea: Non-Intentional Design -- Design as Applied Philosophy -- What's in a Name -- Authority of Design - Autonomy in Use -- Non-Intentional Design as a Basis for an Open Design Approach -- Bibliography -- The Authors -- Picture Credits.