Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Contributors -- Remittances: An Overview -- Part I Remittance Trends and Determinants -- Chapter 1 Workers' Remittances: An Important and Stable Source of External Development Finance -- Chapter 2 Migrant Remittances in Africa: A Regional Perspective -- Part II Maximizing the Development Impact of Remittances -- Chapter 3 The Socioeconomic Impact of Remittances on Poverty Reduction -- Chapter 4 Remittances and Economic Development in India and Pakistan -- Chapter 5 Migrant Workers' Remittances: A Source of Finance for Micro-Enterprise Development in Bangladesh? -- Chapter 6 Migration and Development: The Philippine Experience -- Chapter 7 Remittances from Canada to Central America and the Caribbean -- Part III Strengthening the Formal Financial Infrastructure for Remittances -- Chapter 8 Exploring the Credit Union Experience with Remittances in the Latin American Market -- Chapter 9 Remittances and Pyramid Investment Schemes in Albania -- Chapter 10 International Remittances: Delivering Fair Value -- Part IV Increasing Transparency in the Informal Financial Infrastructure for Remittances -- Chapter 11 The Regulation and Supervision of Informal Funds Transfer Systems -- Chapter 12 Regulation and Supervision in a Vacuum: The Story of the Somali Remittance Sector -- Chapter 13 A Proposed Framework to Analyze Informal Funds Transfer Systems -- Part V Migration, Development, and Remittances -- Chapter 14 The Impact of International Migration and Remittances on Poverty -- Chapter 15 Transnationalism and Development: Trends and Opportunities in Latin America -- Chapter 16 Remittances: The New Development Mantra? -- Index -- Boxes -- 1.1 Securitizing Future Flows of Workers' Remittances -- 1.2 Mexican Matrículas Consulares Boost Remittances -- 1.3 Financial Fairs Promote Good Banking Habits.

2.1 The Effects of Regulation on Remittances -- 13.1 FATF's Special Recommendations on Terrorist Financing -- 13.2 FedACH's International Model -- 13.3 Preliminary Obstacles to Estimating IFT -- 16.1 The Limitations of Remittance Data: A Serious Caveat -- Figures -- 1.1 Workers' Remittances and Other Inflows -- 1.2 Remittances Are Higher in Lower-Income Countries, 2003 -- 1.3 Remittances Are Higher in Lower-Income Countries, 2003 -- 1.4 Top 20 Developing-Country Recipients of Remittances, 2003 -- 1.5 Top 20 Developing-Country Recipients of Remittances, 2003 -- 1.6 Top Sources of Outward Remittances, 2003 -- 1.7 Outward Remittances from the United States and Saudi Arabia -- 1.8 Volatility of Remittances Compared to Private Flows in the Philippines -- 1.9 Volatility of Remittances Compared to Private Flows in Turkey -- 1.10 Volatility of Remittances, by Country Group, 1980s and 1990s -- 1.11 India's Remittance Receipts -- 1.12 Average Transfer Fee and Exchange Rate Commission for Sending US200, February 2002 -- 2.1 Remittances to Developing Countries,1970 to 2001 -- 2.2 Total Remittances to Africa,1990 to 2001 -- 2.3 Remittances by Region,1990 to 2001 -- 2.4 Regional Distribution of Remittances to Africa, 2001 -- 2.5 Top 15 Remittance Recipient Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa,1990 to 2001 -- 5.1 Migrants' Remittances to Bangladesh, 1990-2003 -- 5.2 Comparative Position of Migrant Remittances in Bangladesh, 1990-2003 -- 7.1 Remittances as a Percentage of Exports in Selected Central American and Caribbean Countries,1990 -2001 -- 7.2 Remittances to Selected Central American and Caribbean Countries, 1990-2002 -- 7.3 Remittances as a Percentage of GDP in Selected Central American and Caribbean Countries, 1990 -2001 -- 12.1 Official Development Assistance and Remittances to Somalia, 2001-2002 -- 12.2 Major Income Sources in Somalia.

13.1 Diagramming the Framework -- 13.2 Illustrating the Framework -- 15.1 Growth of Mexican Clubs (HTAs) in Chicago -- 16.1 Remittance Inflows to Developing Countries -- 16.2 Unweighted Average of Remittances as a Share of Private Consumption, Unbalanced -- 16.3 Unweighted Average of Remittances as a Share of Private Consumption -- 16.4 Population (Age 25 and Older) at Home and Overseas with Tertiary Education -- Tables -- 1.1 Workers' Remittances -- 1.2 Remittances Received by Developing Countries, 2003 -- 1.3 Investment Climate and Workers' Remittance Receipts in Developing Countries -- 1.4 Remittances as a Percentage of GDP, 1996 -2000 -- 1.5 Income from External Remittances in Pakistan by Income Group, 1986-87 and 1990-91 -- 1.6 Payments to Traffickers for Selected Migration Routes -- 1A.1 Workers' Remittance Inflows to Pakistan, 1999-2002 -- 3.1 Remittances Received and Sent by Developing Countries -- 3.2 Remittances Received by Developing Countries, by Region, 1999-2002 -- 3.3 Remittance Motivation and Use -- 3.4 Key Impacts of Remittances on Poverty at Different Levels -- 3.5 Pro-Poor Market Development: Examples of Monitoring Indicators to Be Used in Assessing Remittance-Related Interventions -- 7.1 Seasonal Agricultural Workers from Mexico and the Caribbean, 2000-2002 -- 7.2 Amounts Transferred to Haiti by Surveyed Companies, July 2003 -- 7.3 Amounts Transferred to Jamaica by Surveyed Companies, July 2003 -- 7.4 The Cost of Sending Money, July 2003 -- 8.1 Cost of Sending US300 to Mexico from California, Friday, May 17, 2002 -- 8.2 Cost Comparison between Credit Unions and Market Leaders -- 9.1 Economic Recovery in Eastern Europe,1994 -2002 -- 9.2 Albania's Main Economic Indicators, 1996-2000 -- 9.3 Inflation and Nominal and Real Interest Rates -- 10.1 Officially Recorded Migration from Outside the European Union to Spain, 2002.

10.2 Profiling Remittance Senders and Beneficiaries in Spain and Colombia -- 10.3 Cooperation Agreements between La Caixa and Its Partner Banks -- 13.1 Formal Cross-Border Transfers, 2001 -- 14.1 Elasticity of Poverty, Estimated Using International Migration Data -- 14.2 Elasticity of Poverty, Estimated Using International Remittance Data -- 14.3 Regional Summary of Mean Values for Poverty, Inequality, Migration, and Remittances -- 14.4 Elasticity of Poverty by Region, Estimated Using International Migration and Remittance Data -- 14A.1 Summary of Data Set on Poverty, Inequality, International Migration, and Remittances -- 15.1 Central America in the Global Economy, 2002 -- 15.2 Frequency of Immigrant Travel to Home Country -- 15.3 Frequency of Travel to Home Country and Years Living in the United States -- 15.4 Nationals as a Percentage of Tourists in the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, and Mexico -- 15.5 How Much Is Spent per Trip? -- 15.6 Frequency of International Long-Distance Telephone Calls Made to Home-Country Relatives -- 15.7 Average Duration of International Long-Distance Telephone Calls Made to Home-Country Relatives -- 15.8 Phone Calls between the United States and Selected Central American Countries -- 15.9 Do You Buy Home-Country Products? -- 15.10 Top Six Home-Country Products Purchased by Emigrants -- 15.11 Household Income by Race -- 15.12 Average Monthly Amount Remitted by Latin Americans in the United States -- 15.13 Remittances, Investment, and Foreign Aid in Latin America, 1996 and 2001 -- 15.14 Foreign-Born Latinos in the United States and Remittances to Latin America, 2000 -- 15.15 Mexico: Budget Allocation, HTA Donations, and Population -- 15.16 Remittance Senders Who Belong to an HTA -- 15.17 Dimensions of Transnational Engagement -- 16.1 Net Flows of External Finance to Developing Countries, 2001.

16.2 Net Transfers of External Finance to Developing Countries, 2001 -- 16.3 Largest Sources and Recipients of Remittances, Annual Average, 1992-2001.