Introduction to Digital Communication Systems -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Author -- 1 Elements of Information Theory -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Basic Concepts -- 1.3 Communication System Model -- 1.4 Concept of Information and Measure of Amount of Information -- 1.5 Message Sources and Source Coding -- 1.5.1 Models of Discrete Memory Sources -- 1.5.2 Discrete Memoryless Source -- 1.5.3 Extension of a Memoryless Source -- 1.5.4 Markov Sources -- 1.5.5 Entropy of the Markov Source -- 1.5.6 Source Associated with the Markov Source -- 1.6 Discrete Source Coding -- 1.6.1 Huffman Coding -- 1.6.2 Shannon-Fano Coding -- 1.6.3 Dynamic Huffman Coding -- 1.6.4 Arithmetic Coding -- 1.6.5 Lempel-Ziv Algorithm -- 1.6.6 Case study: Source Coding in Facsimile Transmission -- 1.7 Channel Models from the Information Theory Point of View -- 1.7.1 Discrete Memoryless Channel -- 1.7.2 Examples of Discrete Memoryless Channel Models -- 1.7.3 Example of a Binary Channel Model with Memory -- 1.8 Mutual Information -- 1.9 Properties of Mutual Information -- 1.10 Channel Capacity -- 1.11 Decision Process and its Rules -- 1.11.1 Idea of Decision Rule -- 1.11.2 Maximum a Posteriori Probability (MAP) Decision Rule -- 1.11.3 Maximum Likelihood Decision Rule -- 1.12 Differential Entropy and Average Amount of Information for Continuous Variables -- 1.13 Capacity of Band-Limited Channel with Additive White Gaussian Noise -- 1.14 Implication of AWGN Channel Capacity for Digital Transmission -- 1.15 Capacity of a Gaussian Channel with a Given Channel Characteristic -- 1.16 Capacity of a Flat Fading Channel -- 1.17 Capacity of a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Channel -- Problems -- 2 Channel Coding -- 2.1 Idea of Channel Coding -- 2.2 Classification of Codes -- 2.3 Hard- and Soft-Decision Decoding -- 2.4 Coding Gain -- 2.5 Block Codes -- 2.5.1 Parity Check Matrix.

2.5.2 Generator Matrix -- 2.5.3 Syndrome -- 2.5.4 Hamming Codes -- 2.5.5 The Iterated Code -- 2.5.6 Polynomial Codes -- 2.5.7 Codeword Generation for the Polynomial Codes -- 2.5.8 Cyclic Codes -- 2.5.9 Parity Check Polynomial -- 2.5.10 Polynomial Codes Determined by Roots -- 2.5.11 Syndrome Polynomial -- 2.5.12 BCH Codes -- 2.5.13 Reed-Solomon Codes -- 2.5.14 Golay Codes -- 2.5.15 Maximum Length Codes -- 2.5.16 Code Modifications -- 2.6 Nonalgebraic Decoding for Block Codes -- 2.6.1 Meggitt Decoder -- 2.6.2 Majority Decoder -- 2.6.3 Information Set Decoding -- 2.7 Algebraic Decoding Methods for Cyclic Codes -- 2.8 Convolutional Codes and Their Description -- 2.8.1 Convolutional Code Description -- 2.8.2 Code Transfer Function -- 2.8.3 Convolutional Codes with Rate k/n -- 2.9 Convolutional Code Decoding -- 2.9.1 Viterbi Algorithm -- 2.9.2 Soft-Output Viterbi Algorithm (SOVA) -- 2.9.3 Error Probability Analysis for Convolutional Codes -- 2.10 Concatenated Coding -- 2.11 Case Studies: Two Examples of Concatenated Coding -- 2.11.1 Concatenated Coding in Deep Space Communications -- 2.11.2 Channel Coding in the DVB Satellite Segment -- 2.12 Turbo Codes -- 2.12.1 RSCC Code -- 2.12.2 Basic Turbo Code Encoder Scheme -- 2.12.3 RSCC Code MAP Decoding -- 2.12.4 Turbo Decoding Algorithm -- 2.13 LDPC Codes -- 2.13.1 Tanner Graph -- 2.13.2 Decoding of LDPC Codes -- 2.14 Error Detection Structures and Algorithms -- 2.15 Application of Error Detection - ARQ Schemes -- 2.16 Hybrid ARQ -- 2.16.1 Type-I Hybrid ARQ -- 2.16.2 Type-II Hybrid ARQ -- Problems -- 3 Digital Baseband Transmission -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Shaping of Elementary Signals -- 3.3 Selection of the Data Symbol Format -- 3.4 Optimal Synchronous Receiver -- 3.4.1 Optimal Reception of Binary Signals -- 3.4.2 Optimal Receiver for Multilevel Signals.

3.5 Error Probability at the Output of the Optimal Synchronous Receiver -- 3.6 Error Probability in the Optimal Receiver for M-PAM Signals -- 3.7 Case Study: Baseband Transmission in Basic Access ISDN Systems -- 3.8 Appendix: Power Spectral Density of Pulse Sequence -- Problems -- 4 Digital Modulations of the Sinusoidal Carrier -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Optimal Synchronous Receiver -- 4.3 Optimal Asynchronous Receiver -- 4.4 ASK Modulation -- 4.4.1 Synchronous Receiver for ASK-Modulated Signals -- 4.4.2 Asynchronous Reception of ASK-Modulated Signals -- 4.4.3 Error Probability on the Output of the Asynchronous ASK Receiver -- 4.5 FSK Modulation -- 4.5.1 Discussion of Synchronous Reception of FSK Signal -- 4.5.2 Asynchronous Reception of FSK Signals -- 4.5.3 Error probability for Asynchronous FSK Receiver -- 4.5.4 Suboptimal FSK Reception with a Frequency Discriminator -- 4.6 PSK Modulation -- 4.7 Linear Approach to Digital Modulations - M-PSK Modulation -- 4.8 Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) -- 4.8.1 PSK Modulation with Differential Coding and Synchronous Detection -- 4.8.2 Asynchronous DPSK Receivers -- 4.8.3 Discussion on the Error Probability of the Optimal Asynchronous DPSK Receiver -- 4.8.4 Comparison of Binary Modulations -- 4.9 Digital Amplitude and Phase Modulations - QAM -- 4.9.1 General Remarks -- 4.9.2 Error Probability for QAM Synchronous Receiver -- 4.9.3 Multidimensional Modulations -- 4.10 Constant Envelope Modulations - Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM) -- 4.11 Trellis-Coded Modulations -- 4.11.1 Description of Trellis-Coded Signals -- 4.11.2 Decoding of the Trellis-Coded Signals -- 4.12 Multitone Modulations -- 4.13 Case Study: OFDM Transmission in DVB-T System -- 4.14 Influence of Nonlinearity on Signal Properties -- Problems -- 5 Properties of Communication Channels -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Baseband Equivalent Channel.

5.3 Telephone Channel -- 5.3.1 Basic Elements of the Telephone Network Structure -- 5.3.2 Telephone Channel Properties -- 5.4 Properties of a Subscriber Loop Channel -- 5.5 Line-of-Sight Radio Channel -- 5.6 Mobile Radio Channel -- 5.7 Examples of Other Radio Channels -- 5.7.1 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Channel -- 5.7.2 Channel in Satellite Transmission -- 5.7.3 Short-Wave (HF) Channel -- 5.8 Basic Properties of Optical Fiber Channels -- 5.9 Conclusions -- Problems -- 6 Digital Transmission on Channels Introducing Intersymbol Interference -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Intersymbol Interference -- 6.3 Channel with ISI as a Finite State Machine -- 6.4 Classification of Equalizer Structures and Algorithms -- 6.5 Linear Equalizers -- 6.5.1 ZF Equalizers -- 6.5.2 MSE Equalizers -- 6.5.3 LS Equalizers -- 6.5.4 Choice of Reference Signal -- 6.5.5 Fast Linear Equalization using Periodic Test Signals -- 6.5.6 Symbol-Spaced versus Fractionally Spaced Equalizers -- 6.6 Decision Feedback Equalizer -- 6.7 Equalizers using MAP Symbol-by-Symbol Detection -- 6.8 Maximum Likelihood Equalizers -- 6.9 Examples of Suboptimum Sequential Receivers -- 6.10 Case Study: GSM Receiver -- 6.11 Equalizers for Trellis-Coded Modulations -- 6.12 Turbo Equalization -- 6.13 Blind Adaptive Equalization -- 6.14 Equalizers for MIMO Systems -- 6.14.1 MIMO MLSE Equalizer -- 6.14.2 Linear MIMO Receiver -- 6.14.3 Decision Feedback MIMO Equalizer -- 6.14.4 Equalization in the MIMO-OFDM System -- 6.15 Conclusions -- Problems -- 7 Spread Spectrum Systems -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Pseudorandom Sequence Generation -- 7.2.1 Maximum Length Sequences -- 7.2.2 Gold Sequences -- 7.2.3 Barker Sequences -- 7.3 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Systems -- 7.4 RAKE Receiver -- 7.5 Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum Systems.

7.6 Time-Hopping Spread Spectrum System with Pseudorandom Pulse Position Selection -- Problems -- 8 Synchronization in Digital Communication Systems -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Phase-locked loop for continuous signals -- 8.3 Phase-Locked Loop for Sampled Signals -- 8.4 Maximum Likelihood Carrier Phase Estimation -- 8.5 Practical Carrier Phase Synchronization Solutions -- 8.5.1 Carrier Phase Synchronization without Decision Feedback -- 8.5.2 Carrier Phase Synchronization using Decision Feedback -- 8.6 Timing Synchronization -- 8.6.1 Timing Recovery with Decision Feedback -- 8.6.2 Timing Recovery Circuits without Decision Feedback -- Problems -- 9 Multiple Access Techniques -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Frequency Division Multiple Access -- 9.3 Time Division Multiple Access -- 9.4 Code Division Multiple Access -- 9.4.1 Single-Carrier CDMA -- 9.4.2 Multi-Carrier CDMA -- 9.5 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access -- 9.6 Single-Carrier FDMA -- 9.7 Space Division Multiple Access -- 9.8 Case Study: Multiple Access Scheme in the 3GPP LTE Cellular System -- 9.9 Conclusions -- Problems -- Appendix -- Bibliography -- Index.