Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part 1 The Origins of State Formation -- Chapter 1 The Creation of the State in International Law-Historical Background -- 1.1 Criteria and Conditions for Statehood -- 1.2 Emergence of the Modern State System -- 1.2.1 The Principle of State Sovereignty -- 1.2.2 Principle of Self-Determination -- 1.2.3 State Formation -- Chapter 2 State Failure-Internal and External Factors -- 2.1 Defining State Failure -- 2.2 Causes and Structural Indicators -- 2.2.1 Absence of Rule of Law -- 2.2.2 Political Instability-Lack of Legitimacy -- 2.2.3 Economic and Social Instability -- 2.2.4 Lack of Internal Security -- 2.2.5 Authoritarian Rule and Clan Loyalty -- 2.2.6 Impunity and Ineffective Justice Systems -- 2.2.7 Lack of Territorial Control-jure and de facto Sovereignty Gap -- 2.2.8 Gross and Systematic Violations of Human Rights -- 2.2.9 Loss of Social Cohesion and Lack of Development -- 2.2.10 Corruption and Weak Institutions -- 2.3 Legacy of Colonialism -- 2.4 Terrorism -- 2.5 Limitations in Measuring State Failure -- Part 2 State Obligations and the Enforcement of International Law -- Chapter 3 International Human Rights Law -- 3.1 Human Rights Instruments -- 3.1.1 Humanitarian Law -- 3.2 Human Security-An Emerging Paradigm -- Chapter 4 State Responsibility-Obligations to Prosecute -- 4.1 Principle of Universal Jurisdiction -- 4.2 Humanitarian Intervention -- 4.2.1 Responsibility to Protect Doctrine -- 4.2.2 Emergence of New Customary Law -- 4.3 Practice of the Security Council-opinio juris -- Part 3 Reconstruction and Mobilizing the International Community -- Chapter 5 Prevention and Rehabilitation: Strengthening States Against Failure -- 5.1 State-Building and Reconstruction -- 5.2 Building Rule of Law -- 5.3 Establishing Accountability-Ending Impunity -- 5.4 Establishing Security.

5.5 Disarmament and Demobilization -- 5.6 Economic and Social Reconstruction -- 5.7 Role of Civil Society-Women and Minorities -- 5.8 Reconstituting Political Structure and Legitimacy -- 5.9 Reconciliation-Transitional Justice -- 5.10 Lessons Learned -- Chapter 6 Challenges for the International Community -- 6.1 Role of United Nations -- 6.1.1 Humanitarian Assistance -- 6.1.2 Peacekeeping and Conflict Prevention -- 6.1.3 Transitional Occupation -- 6.2 Institutional Reform, Trusteeship-Limited Sovereignty -- General Conclusion -- Bibliography -- I. Books and Academic Articles -- II. Media Sources -- III. United Nations News Service -- IV. United Nations Resolutions -- V. United Nations Documents -- VI. International Instruments -- VII. Regional Instruments -- VIII. National Legislation, Official Documents and Remarks -- IX. Non-Governmental Organizations Publications -- X. International Court of Justice and other Tribunals -- Index.