The Micro-Doppler Effect in Radar -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Doppler Effect -- 1.2 Relativistic Doppler Effect and Time Dilation -- 1.3 Doppler Effect Observed in Radar -- 1.4 Estimation and Analysis of Doppler Frequency Shifts -- 1.5 Cramer-Rao Bound of the Doppler Frequency Estimation -- 1.6 The Micro-Doppler Effect -- 1.7 Micro-Doppler Effect Observed in Radar -- 1.8 Estimation and Analysis of Micro-Doppler Frequency Shifts -- 1.8.1 Instantaneous Frequency Analysis -- 1.8.2 Joint Time-Frequency Analysis -- 1.9 The Micro-Doppler Signature of Objects -- References -- Appendix 1A MATLAB Source Codes -- 2 Basics of the Micro-Doppler Effect in Radar -- 2.1 Rigid Body Motion -- 2.1.1 Euler Angles -- 2.1.2 Quaternion -- 2.1.3 Equations of Motion -- 2.2 Nonrigid Body Motion -- 2.3 Electromagnetic Scattering from a Body with Motion -- 2.3.1 Radar Cross Section of a Target -- 2.3.2 RCS Prediction Methods -- 2.3.3 EM Scattering from a Body with Motion -- 2.4 Basic Mathematics for Calculating the Micro-Doppler Effect -- 2.4.1 Micro-Doppler Induced by a Target with Micro Motion -- 2.4.2 Vibration-Induced Micro-Doppler Shift -- 2.4.3 Rotation-Induced Micro-Doppler Shift -- 2.4.4 Coning Motion-Induced Micro-Doppler Shift -- 2.5 Bistatic Micro-Doppler Effect -- 2.6 Multistatic Micro-Doppler Effect -- 2.7 Cramer-Rao Bound of the Micro-Doppler Estimation -- References -- Appendix 2A -- Appendix 2B MATLAB Source Codes -- 3 The Micro-Doppler Effect of the Rigid Body Motion -- 3.1 Pendulum Oscillation -- 3.1.1 Modeling Nonlinear Motion Dynamic of a Pendulum -- 3.1.2 Modeling RCS of a Pendulum -- 3.1.3 Radar Backscattering from an Oscillating Pendulum -- 3.1.4 Micro-Doppler Signatures Generated by an Oscillating Pendulum -- 3.2 Helicopter Rotor Blades -- 3.2.1 Mathematic Model of Rotating Rotor Blades -- 3.2.2 RCS Model of Rotating Rotor Blades.

3.2.3 PO Facet Prediction Model -- 3.2.4 Radar Backscattering from Rotor Blades -- 3.2.5 Micro-Doppler Signatures of Rotor Blades -- 3.2.6 Required Minimum PRF -- 3.2.7 Analysis and Interpretation of the Micro-Doppler Signature of Rotor Blades -- 3.3 Spinning Symmetric Top -- 3.3.1 Force-Free Rotation of a Symmetric Top -- 3.3.2 Torque-Induced Rotation of a Symmetric Top -- 3.3.3 RCS Model of a Symmetric Top -- 3.3.4 Radar Backscattering from a Symmetric Top -- 3.3.5 Micro-Doppler Signatures Generated by a Precession Top -- 3.3.6 Analysis and Interpretation of the Micro-Doppler Signature of a PrecessionTop -- 3.4 Wind Turbines -- 3.4.1 Micro-Doppler Signatures of Wind Turbines -- 3.4.2 Analysis and Interpretation of the Micro-Doppler Signature of Wind Turbines -- References -- Appendix 3A MATLAB Source Codes -- 4 The Micro-Doppler Effect of the Nonrigid Body Motion -- 4.1 Human Body Articulated Motion -- 4.1.1 Human Walking -- 4.1.2 Description of the Periodic Motion of Human Walking -- 4.1.3 Simulation of Human Movements -- 4.1.4 Human Body Segment Parameters -- 4.1.5 Human Walking Model Derived from Empirical Mathematical Parameterizations -- 4.1.6 Capturing Human Motion Kinematic Parameters -- 4.1.7 Three-Dimensional Kinematic Data Collection -- 4.1.8 Characteristics of Angular Kinematics Using the Angle-Cyclogram Pattern -- 4.1.9 Radar Backscattering from a Walking Human -- 4.1.10 Human Movement Data Processing -- 4.1.11 Human Movement-Induced Radar Micro-Doppler Signatures -- 4.2 Bird Wing Flapping -- 4.2.1 Bird Wing Flapping Kinematics -- 4.2.2 Doppler Observations of the Bird Wing Flapping -- 4.2.3 Simulation of the Bird Wing Flapping -- 4.3 Quadrupedal Animal Motion -- 4.3.1 Modeling of Quadrupedal Locomotion -- 4.3.2 Micro-Doppler Signatures of Quadrupedal Locomotion -- 4.3.3 Summary -- References -- Appendix 4A MATLAB Source Codes.

Appendix 4B MATLAB Source Codes -- 5 Analysis and Interpretation of Micro-Doppler Signatures -- 5.1 Biological Motion Perception -- 5.2 Decomposition of Biological Motion -- 5.2.1 Statistics-Based Decomposition -- 5.2.2 Decomposition of Micro-Doppler Signatures in the Joint Time-Frequency Domain -- 5.2.3 Physical Component-Based Decomposition -- 5.3 Extraction of Features from Micro-Doppler Signatures -- 5.4 Estimation of Kinematic Parameters from Micro-Doppler Signatures -- 5.5 Identifying Human Movements -- 5.5.1 Features Used for Identifying Human Movements -- 5.5.2 Anomalous Human Behavior -- 5.5.3 Summary -- References -- 6 Summary, Challenges, and Perspectives -- 6.1 Summary -- 6.2 Challenges -- 6.2.1 Decomposing Micro-Doppler Signatures -- 6.2.2 Feature Extraction and Target Identification Based on Micro-Doppler Signatures -- 6.3 Perspectives -- 6.3.1 Multistatic Micro-Doppler Analysis -- 6.3.2 Micro-Doppler Signature-Based Classification -- 6.3.3 Aural Methods for Micro-Doppler-Based Discrimination -- 6.3.4 Through-the-Wall Micro-Doppler Signatures -- References -- About the Author -- Index.