Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Collaborative Drug Discovery Ethos -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- About the Book -- About the Editor -- Contributors -- Part I: Perspectives on Collaborative Innovation -- 1: Productive Relationships in Research and Development between Government, Industry, and Universities -- Universities, Government, and Industry: Historical Beginnings in Prussia -- Refinement and Broad Adoption: the United States -- Land Grants -- Investments in Research -- Intellectual Property -- Impact on U.S. Economy -- General Principles for Success -- Governments -- Universities -- Industry -- 2: Divided We Fall -- Challenges -- Collaboration Models -- Examples of Successful Biomedical Collaborations -- Biomarkers Consortium -- Predictive Safety Testing Consortium -- SNP and SAEC Consortia -- Principles of Collaboration -- Governance, Administration, and Autonomy -- Human Factors -- Conclusion -- References -- 3: Innovation: Open Source and Nonprofit Models in Drug Discovery -- Why Do People Innovate? -- How Do We Encourage Innovation? -- Why Is Innovation Important? -- Warnings Regarding Innovation in Drug Discovery -- Open Source Models -- Nonprofit Models -- Recommendations -- References -- 4: The Changing Face of Innovation in Drug Discovery -- Introduction -- Core Objectives of the Drug Discovery Process -- Major Innovations in Technology Have Advanced Drug Discovery -- Target Identification and Target Validation -- Hit Identification: The First Stage in Drug Hunting -- Lead Optimization: A Field to Which Companies Must Commit Major Amounts of Human and Financial Resources -- Preclinical Assessment: Select the First-in-Class and/or Best-in-Class Drug Candidate for Clinical Development -- An Important Trend: Academic and Pharmaceutical Organizations Are Collaborating in Support of Drug Discovery.

Future Perspectives: Where Is Innovation Leading? -- References -- 5: Current Trends in Collaborative Drug Discovery and Strategies to De-Risk Precompetitive Initiatives -- Pharmaceutical Industry's Perspective -- Academia's Perspective -- Open (Collaborative) Innovation: A New Business Model -- Drug Discovery through Collaborations -- Drug Discovery through Consortia -- Drug Discovery through Repurposing Strategies -- Probe Discovery in Public Domain -- Effective Management of Academia-Pharma Collaborations -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 6: A Perspective on the Evolution of Collaborative Drug Discovery and Future Challenges -- Evolution of Collaborative Drug Discovery -- Challenges for Collaborative Drug Discovery -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Governmental Initiatives Accelerate Precompetitive Collaboration -- 7: The Value of University-Industry Partnerships -- Guiding Principles for University-Industry Collaborations -- The Johnson Continuum -- Role of Cocreation: Companies, Government, and Universities -- Maryland Industrial Partnerships (MIPS) Program -- Funding for Collaborations with Academia -- New Initiatives to Transform University-Industry Collaborations -- Kauffman Foundation Free Agent Model -- Penn State Keystone Edge -- Industry-Sponsored Research: Minnesota-Innovation Partnerships (MN-IP) -- Issues Affecting University-Industry Collaborations -- Conflict of Interest -- Export Control -- Differences between Large- and Small-/Medium-Sized Companies -- Large Companies Share Certain Characteristics -- Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) Offer a Contrasting Perspective -- Most SMEs Are Not Making Major Investments in R&D -- SMEs May Have a Single Technology Platform That Is the Basis of the Company -- SMEs Have Limited Administrative Support/Infrastructure.

The National Academies' University-Industry Demonstration Partnership -- UIDP Operational Model: Projects and Demonstrations -- Strategies for Building High-Value, High Return U-I Partnerships -- Conclusion -- Note on this Chapter -- References -- 8: Trends in the Public Sector Adoption of Translational Research Approaches -- Steps to Successful Assay Development for HTS -- Impact of the NIH Molecular Libraries Assay Development for HTS Initiative -- Resourcing the Chemical Optimization of Small Molecule Probes -- Using CTSAIP to Identify and Assemble Translational Project Teams -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 9: Partnerships for Drug Repositioning: Lessons from the CTSA Pharmaceutical Assets Portal -- The CTSA Pharmaceutical Assets Portal -- The Pharma Portal Members -- Using the Foci-of-Expertise to Identify Potential Collaborators -- Partnership for Cures -- Material Transfer Agreements for Compound Transfers -- Establishing an International Clinical Compound Library at CWHM -- Industry Perspective -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10: Development Programs at the U.S. National Cancer Institute: Use of Public-Private Partnerships as a Catalyst to Advance Cancer Therapy -- Drug Screening Programs at the NCI -- The Rapid Access to Intervention Development Program -- The Decision Network/Drug Development Group -- Natural Products -- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program: Sponsored Clinical Trials -- NCI's Experimental Therapeutics Program -- Early Discovery -- Early Development Resources -- Late-Stage Development: The CTEP Clinical Trials Network -- Governance -- Technology Transfer Mechanisms Utilized by The NExT Program -- Discovery to Early-Stage Development: The Chemical Biology Consortium -- Mid-Stage Development (Clinical Candidate Prior to Clinical Studies) -- Late-Stage Development: The CTEP Clinical Trials Network.

The CTEP IP Option: Then and Now -- The Collaborative Process: Then and Now -- Summary -- Case Studies -- Case Study 1: Halichondrin B (NSC 609395) -- Case Study 2: Romidepsin (NSC 630176) -- Case Study 3: Chimeric 14.18 -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11: Nonindustrial Pharmaceutical Research in the BRIC Countries: Lessons for Drug Discovery Partnerships with Academic and Governmental Institutions -- BRIC Countries Can Provide a Model for Drug Discovery in Nonindustrial Institutions -- Common Drug Development Activities across the BRIC Countries -- India -- India Was a Pioneer in Nonindustrial Drug Discovery -- IDPL Demonstrates Some of the Challenges Faced by a Publicly Owned Pharmaceutical Company -- CDRI Shows the Promise of Publicly Financed Drug Discovery -- Other Academic Drug Discovery Institutions in India Include NIPER and IICT -- Brazil -- The Brazilian Technology System (SIBRATEC) Provides a Framework for Public-Private Partnerships in Brazil -- Brazil's Drug Discovery Programs Focus on Natural Products Chemistry and Neglected Diseases -- Fiocruz Produces Small Molecule Drugs, Biologics, and Vaccines within the Framework of Brazil's National Health System -- Farmanguinhos and Bio-Manguinhos Produce Many of Brazil's Pharmaceuticals -- CTDS Is Designed to Bridge Discovery and Development -- Brazil's Universities Support Innovative Drug Discovery -- China -- China's Dualistic Approach to Medicinal Therapies Is Reflected in Its Research Programs in the Pharmaceutical Sciences -- GIBH Uses Western Pharmaceutical Methodologies within a Chinese Public Research Institution -- The IMM Is a National Resource for Drug Discovery, Development, Production, and Distribution in China -- The Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM) Is Home to the Chinese National Compound Library.

The China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (CSIPI) Transitioned from a Government-Managed Entity to a Division of Sinopharm -- Russia -- The Soviet Legacy Has Created Challenges for the Continuity of a Pharmaceutical Industry in Russia -- A Strong Academic Tradition in Chemistry Is Driving Chemical Biology Programs in Russia -- The Federal Government Is Initiating a National Effort to Support Drug Discovery and Development in Russia by Partnering with Biotechs -- Brazil and India Provide Relatively Western Models of Collaboration -- Collaboration With China Will Be Driven by the Opportunity to Enter a Major Pharmaceutical Market -- Russia Will Remain a Complex Opportunity for Collaboration -- Successful Collaborations in BRIC Countries Will Often Be Driven By Relationships with Their Western-Trained Scientists -- Leveraging the Experience of Nonindustrial Drug Discovery in the BRIC Countries Will Help Inform Western Strategies -- References -- 12: Death of Drugs and Rebirth of Health Care: Indian Response to Discovery Impasse -- Health and Disease -- Death of Drugs -- Innovation Deficit -- Reductionist Drug Discovery to Holistic Medicine Discovery -- Indian Perspective -- Indian Government Policy -- Pharmaceutical Sector Landscape -- Situation Analysis -- Intellectual Property -- New Paradigms -- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research -- New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative (NMITLI) -- Open Source Drug Discovery -- Department of Science and Technology (DST) -- Drugs and Pharmaceutical Research Program (DPRP) -- Innovation Funds and Partnerships -- International R&D Endowment Funds -- Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) -- Department of Biotechnology (DBT) -- SIBRI and BIRAC -- Global Partnerships and Alliances -- Indian Council of Medical Research -- Clinical Trial Registry.

Pharmaceutical and Vaccine Development through Collaborations.