Practical Manual of Echocardiography in the Urgent Setting -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Ultrasound physics -- Ultrasound generation -- Image formation -- Resolution versus penetration -- Doppler ultrasound -- Summary and key points -- References -- Chapter 2 The transthoracic examination -- Performing the echocardiogram -- Using the transducer -- Probe manipulations -- Steps involved in a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiogram -- References -- Chapter 3 Transesophageal echocardiography -- Preparation of the patient -- Acoustic windows and standard views -- Clean-up and maintenance -- References -- Chapter 4 Ventricles -- Left ventricle -- Chamber size -- Mass -- Functional assessment -- Diastolic dysfunction -- Regional wall motion assessment -- Right ventricle -- Measuring RV volume -- Evaluation of RV systolic function [2, 16] -- Determination of the central venous pressure (Table 4.3) -- Abnormal septal motion in RV volume and/or pressure overload -- Determination of RV systolic pressure -- Atria -- Left atrium -- Right atrium -- Contrast echocardiography -- References -- Chapter 5 Left-sided heart valves -- Aortic valve -- Aortic stenosis -- Aortic regurgitation -- Mitral valve -- Mitral stenosis -- Mitral regurgitation -- References -- Chapter 6 Right-sided heart valves -- Tricuspid valve -- Tricuspid regurgitation -- Tricuspid stenosis -- Pulmonic valve -- Pulmonic stenosis -- Pulmonic regurgitation -- Qp/Qs: Pulmonary to systemic flow ratio -- References -- Chapter 7 Prosthetic heart valves -- Echocardiographic approach to prosthetic heart valves -- Approach to suspected valve dysfunction -- Structural valve failure -- Thrombosis (Figure 7.4) -- Pannus formation -- Thrombus versus pannus -- Endocarditis (Figures 7.5 and 7.6) -- Valve-prosthesis patient mismatch -- Pseudo-regurgitation -- References.

Chapter 8 The great vessels -- Aorta -- Aortic emergency -- Pulmonary artery -- Pulmonary artery pressure measurement -- D-septal shift -- References -- Chapter 9 Evaluation of the pericardium -- Pericardial effusions -- Echo-free spaces around the heart -- Cardiac tamponade -- Echo-guided pericardiocentesis -- Constrictive pericarditis -- Differentiation of constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy [10] -- Effusive-constrictive pericarditis -- References -- Chapter 10 Specialty echocardiographic examinations -- TTE in a VAD patient -- Intracardiac echocardiography -- TEE in the operating room -- Echocardiography to guide percutaneous closure devices placement -- References -- Chapter 11 Common artifacts -- References -- Chapter 12 Hypotension and shock -- Determination of central venous pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output, and vascular resistance -- Stroke volume -- Filling pressures -- Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) -- Hypovolemia -- Septic shock -- Cardiogenic shock due to left ventricular failure -- Cardiogenic shock due to right ventricular failure -- Cardiogenic shock due to acute valvular insufficiency or shunt -- Acute pulmonary hypertension/pulmonary embolism -- References -- Chapter 13 Chest pain syndrome -- Myocardial Infarction -- Aortic dissection -- Pulmonary embolus -- Other causes -- References -- Chapter 14 Cardiac causes of syncope and acute neurological events -- Hypovolemia -- Arrhythmias -- Ischemic heart disease -- Dilated cardiomyopathy -- Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) -- RV-related arrhythmia -- Aortic stenosis -- Cardiac tamponade -- Pacemaker malfunction -- Endocarditis -- Pulmonary embolism -- Stroke and transient ischemic attacks -- Cardiac masses [8] -- References -- Chapter 15 Acute dyspnea and heart failure.

Echocardiogram in "heart failure" -- Systolic or diastolic heart failure? -- Intracardiac pressures -- Right atrial pressure -- Right ventricular systolic pressure and systolic pulmonary artery pressure -- LV filling pressures -- Echocardiographic approach to dyspnea with hypoxemia -- VQ mismatch -- Shunting -- Differential diagnosis for cardiac induced dyspnea -- Algorithm for treatment -- References -- Chapter 16 Evaluation of a new heart murmur -- Acute valvular regurgitation -- Intracardiac shunts -- Pericardial effusion -- Post myocardial infarction -- References -- Chapter 17 Infective endocarditis -- Diagnosis and diagnostic accuracy -- Guidelines for use of echocardiography to diagnose endocarditis -- Appearance on echocardiography -- Complications and risk stratification -- Prosthetic valve endocarditis -- Cardiac device-related infective endocarditis -- References -- Chapter 18 Post-procedural complications -- Noncardiac procedures -- Cardiac procedures -- References -- Chapter 19 "Quick echo in the emergency department": What the EM physician needs to know and do -- Goal of FOCUS -- Pericardial effusions -- Global cardiac systolic function -- Right ventricular function -- Intravascular volume -- Clinical use of FOCUS -- FAST examination -- Cardiac arrest -- Unexplained hypotension -- Dyspnea and massive pulmonary embolism -- Aortic dissection and other great vessel pathology -- References -- Index.