Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Statistical Partners -- Guide for Users -- Highlights -- PART I: SPECIAL CHAPTER: Asia's Economic Transformation: Where to, How, and How Fast? -- Structural transformation: What is it and why does it matter? -- Five components of structural transformation -- The variable pace of structural transformation -- Structural transformation: A key to Asia's future -- The transformation of Asia's economies -- Changes in sectors' shares -- Agriculture: Declining output share but still the largest employer in many Asian economies -- Industrialization: Different patterns of manufacturing across economies -- Services: Asia's service sector follows a two-wave pattern, and the share of complementary services is increasing -- Most labor productivity growth has been within sectors -- less has come from reallocating labor across sectors -- Diversifying and upgrading the complexity of exports have been uneven across Asian economies -- Conclusions -- Asia's future transformation -- Asia's agriculture sector needs upgrading and modernizing -- The importance of industrialization -- Becoming a high-income economy generally requires industrialization -- What role will technology play in the coming decades? -- Linking to global value chains -- Services and manufacturing complement each other -- The service sector is the major absorber of employment in Asia -- Conclusions -- How does education contribute to export diversification? -- Years of schooling and diversification are positively related and the quality of education matters more than the quantity -- The quality of education helps reduce path dependence, and "teleportation" into the most complex products is practically impossible -- Discussion and implications -- Priorities for Structural Transformation -- Key patterns of structural transformation in Asia.

The future of Asia's transformation -- Priorities for Asia's transformation in the coming decades -- Endnotes -- Appendix -- References -- Tables -- Table 2.1 Largest sector in Asia economies (latest year) -- Table 2.2 Estimated manufacturing output and employment shares at the turning points for population levels and trade ratios -- Table 2.3 Peak manufacturing share in output and employment, Asian economies -- Table 2.4 Industrialization, deindustrialization, and nonindustrialization in Asia -- Table 2.5 Shares of high-tech and non high-tech subsectors in total manufacturing output and employment (%) -- Table 2.6 Asian economies: The two waves of the service sector -- Table 3.1 Matrix of economies' status of industrialization in output and in employment, and whether they are high income or low and middle income -- Table 3.2 Determinants of high-income status (economy with per capita income more than 15,000 in 2010) -- Table 3.3 Percentage point change in the share of employment between 2009 and 1995 -- Table 3.4 Decomposition of employment (number of workers engaged) growth in Asian countries, 2000-2008 (%) -- Table 3.5 Average labor productivity growth in Asia's Manufacturing and Services, 1974-2004 (% per annum) -- Table 4.1 Diversification and education -- Table 4.2 Education and revealed comparative advantage (2010) -- Appendix Table A1 Output and employment shares of agriculture, industry, and services -- Appendix Table A2 Agriculture output and employment shares in Asia: Speed of reduction -- Appendix Table A3 Annualized growth rates of GDP, agricultural GDP, land productivity, and area indeveloping economies, 1970-2009 (%) -- Appendix Table A4 Yield and yield growth of primary cereals, developing Asia, 1970 and 2010 -- Appendix Table A5 Peak manufacturing share in output and employment, OECD countries.

Appendix Table A6 Economic complexity index, 20 Asian economies -- Appendix Table A7 Projections of agricultural output and employment shares for 2040 -- Appendix Table A8 Actual values of the control variables, 2007 -- Figures -- Figure 1.1 Output and employment shares in agriculture, industry, and services -- Figure 1.2 Changes in sector employment shares in developed countries -- Figure 2.1 Output and employment shares in Asia (% of GDP and total employment, latest year) -- Figure 2.2 Percentage point decline in agriculture output and employment shares, and percent decline per annum -- Figure 2.3 Gross value-added per agricultural worker (in constant of 2000, and annualized growth, 1980-2010) -- Figure 2.4 Yield of primary cereals and their share in agricultural output, developing Asia, 1970 and 2010 -- Figure 2.5 Composition of agricultural output (constant ), developing Asian countries, 1970 and 2010 (%) -- Figure 2.6 Stages of agricultural development in developing Asia, Timmer's classification, 1980-2010 -- Figure 2.7 Manufacturing output and employment shares -- Figure 2.8 Asia's deindustrializers and nonindustrializers -- Figure 2.9 High-tech and non high-tech subsectors: Bangladesh, Indonesia, and the Republic of Korea (% of total manufacturing output and employment) -- Figure 2.10 Services and development in Asia, sectors' shares: A two-wave pattern (Lowess regressions) -- Figure 2.11 The rising share of complementary services -- Figure 2.12 Urbanization and structural transformation -- Figure 2.13 Shift-share analysis: Decomposition of labor productivity growth, overall economy, 1974-2004 (% contribution of each component) -- Figure 2.14 Export diversification in Asia -- Figure 2.15 Economic complexity index (ECI), 20 Asian economies, 1995 and 2010.

Figure 3.1 Agricultural output and employment shares, latest and projected for 2040 and stage of agricultural development (Timmer's classification) -- Figure 3.2 Share of industries' value-added retained by economy and by overseas suppliers, 2000 (%) -- Figure 3.3 The intensity of services in six Asian economies -- Figure 3.4 Decomposition of changes in sectors' and subsectors' shares: Productivity and demand effects -- Figure 3.5 Shift-share analysis: Decomposition of labor productivity growth in services, 1974-2004 (% contribution of each component) -- Figure 3.6 Productivity growth and change in employment shares: Six Asian economies -- Figure 3.7 Globalization of manufacturing and services employment -- Figure 4.1 Education and Export Diversification (2000) -- Box Figure 1 Sectoral output of selected Pacific island countries, 1995-1997 to 2007-2009 -- Box Figure 2 Tourist arrivals, 6 Pacific island countries, 2000-2010 ('000) -- Box Figure 1 How do sectors rank in terms of educational attainment? (1 = most educated sector, 15 = least educated sector) -- Boxes -- Box 2.1 The role of demographic and geographic variables -- Box 2.2 Lack of depth in the Philippine manufacturing subsector: The legacy of old, incoherent policies and attempts to correct them -- Box 2.3 Shift-share analysis of productivity growth -- Box 2.4 Economic transformation in India -- Box 2.5 Why does diversification matter for structural transformation? -- Box 2.6 Diversification and complexity measures -- Box 3.1 Manufacturing has strong linkages with the rest of the economy -- Box 3.2 Options for the Pacific Islands -- Box 3.3 Frugal innovation and 3D manufacturing -- Box 3.4 Country examples of global value chains in agriculture -- Box 3.5 Services contribute to the competitiveness of manufacturing -- Box 3.6 The world input-output tables -- Box 3.7 Baumol's Disease.

Box 4.1 The capabilities demanded by the most desirable products are only learned by doing -- Box 4.2 Where is the knowledge economy? -- PART II: Millennium Development Goals Trends and Tables -- Introduction to the Millennium Development Goals -- Table 1. Cutoff Values for Selected MDG Indicators -- Table 2. Millennium Development Goals Progress Tracking -- MDG 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger -- Table 1.1 Target 1.A: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day -- Table 1.2 Target 1.B: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people -- Table 1.3 Target 1.C: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger -- MDG 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education -- Table 2.1 Target 2.A: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling -- MDG 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women -- Table 3.1 Target 3.A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education not later than 2015 -- MDG 4: Reduce Child Mortality -- Table 4.1 Target 4.A: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate -- MDG 5: Improve Maternal Health -- Table 5.1 Target 5.A: Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio -- Table 5.2 Target 5.B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health -- MDG 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Other Diseases -- Table 6.1 Target 6.A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and Target 6B: Achieve by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it -- Table 6.2 Target 6.C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases.

MDG 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability.