Perspectives on Probability and Probability Education -- The Nature of Chance and Probability -- Towards "Probability Literacy" for all Citizens: Building Blocks and Instructional Dilemmas -- An Overview of Research into the Teaching and Learning of Probability -- Teaching and Learning Probability in the Elementary School -- Characteristics of Elementary School Students' Probabilistic Reasoning -- Combinatorics and the Development of Children's Combinatorial Reasoning -- Teaching and Learning Probability in the Middle School -- The Probabilistic Reasoning of Middle School Students -- How do Teachers Foster Students' Understanding of Probability? -- Dealing with Compound Events -- How Can Teachers Build Notions of Conditional Probability and Independence? -- Teaching and Learning Probability in the High School -- What is the Nature of High School Students' Conceptions and Misconceptions About Probability? -- Probability and Statistical Inference: How Can Teachers Enable Learners to Make the Connection? -- Teachers and Probability -- Teaching and Learning the Mathematization of Uncertainty: Historical, Cultural, Social and Political Contexts -- Assessing Probabilistic Thinking and Reasoning -- Probability in Teacher Education and Development -- Reflections.