CONTENTS -- PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Introduction. The Galileo Affair from Descartes to John Paul II: A Survey of Sources, Facts, and Issues -- 1. The Condemnation of Galileo (1633) -- 1.1 "Vehemently Suspected of Heresy": The Inquisition's Sentence (1633) -- 1.2 "I Abjure, Curse, and Detest": Galileo's Abjuration (1633) -- 1.3 "Suspended until Corrected": The Index's Anti-Copernican Decree (1616) -- 1.4 "Hypothesis versus Assertion": The Index's Correction of Copernicus's Revolutions (1620) -- 2. Promulgation and Diffusion of the News (1633-1651) -- 2.1 Nuncios and Inquisitors: Pope Urban VIII's Orders ( July 1633) -- 2.2 Professors of Mathematics and Philosophy: Guiducci's Report (August 1633) -- 2.3 Printed Posters and Flyers: Carafa's Liège Notifcation (September 1633) -- 2.4 Private Correspondence: Buonamici's Account ( July 1633) -- 2.5 Newspapers and Books: From Renaudot's Abridgment (1633) to Riccioli's Documents (1651) -- 3. Emblematic Reactions: Descartes, Peiresc, Galileo's Daughter (1633-1642) -- 3.1 The End of the World: Descartes (1633-1644) -- 3.2 Sharing Misery: Galileo's Daughter (1633) -- 3.3 "The Mirrour of True Nobility & Gentility": Peiresc's Plea (1634-1635) -- 3.4 "No Pardon to Innocents": Galileo (1634-1642) -- 4. Polarizations: Secularism, Liberalism, Fundamentalism (1633-1661) -- 4.1 States versus Church -- 4.2 "Philosophic Freedom": From Strasbourg (1635-1636) to London (1644-1661) -- 4.3 Illegitimate Births, Burials, and Books: Various Retrials to Riccioli's Apology (1651) -- 5. Compromises: Viviani, Auzout, Leibniz (1654-1704) -- 5.1 Galileo "Human Not Divine": Vincenzio Viviani (1654-1693) -- 5.2 The Ghost of Bellarmine: Adrien Auzout (1665) -- 5.3 Diplomacy Fails: Leibniz (1679-1704) -- 6. Myth-making or Enlightenment?: Pascal, Voltaire, the Encyclopedia (1657-1777).

6.1 From Copernicanism to Jansenism: Pascal (1657) and Arnauld (1691) -- 6.2 From Prison to Biblical Satire: Un-Enlightened Myths (1709-1773) -- 6.3 Whose Ignorance and Prejudice? Voltaire (1728-1770) -- 6.4 "Theology's War on Science": D'Alembert and the French Encyclopedia (1751-1777) -- 7. Incompetence or Enlightenment? Pope Benedict XIV (1740-1758) -- 7.1 Galileo's Dialogue Unbanned, Sort Of: Toaldo's Edition and Calmet's Introduction (1741-1744) -- 7.2 Copernicanism Unbanned, Sort Of: Lazzari's Consultant Report (1757) -- 8. New Lies, Documents, Myths, Apologies (1758-1797) -- 8.1 Dishonorable "Onorato": Gaetani's Forged Letter (1770-1785) -- 8.2 Undiplomatic Diplomat: Guicciardini's 1616 Report Published (1773) -- 8.3 From One Extreme to Another: Mallet du Pan's Formative Myth (1784-1797) -- 8.4 "Spots in the Sun": Tiraboschi's Brilliant Apology (1792-1793) -- 9. Napoleonic Wars and Trials (1810-1821) -- 9.1 The Trial Proceedings to Paris: Napoleon's Publication Plan (1810-1814) -- 9.2 Lost and Found: Marini's Efforts (1814-1817) -- 9.3 The Napoleonic Translations: Delambre's Finding (1820) -- 9.4 Primary versus Accessory Causes: Venturi's Explanation (1820) -- 9.5 Galileo's Confession: The Inquisition's Trial Summary Revealed (1821) -- 10. The Inquisition on Galileo's Side? The Settele Affair (1820) and Beyond (1835) -- 10.1 More Unbanning of Copernicanism (1820-1835) -- 10.2 Anti-Copernican Insubordination: Olivieri's Offcial Summary (1820) -- 10.3 Solomonic Injustice: 1820 versus 1616 -- 11. Varieties of Torture: Demythologizing Galileo's Trial? (1835-1867) -- 11.1 "Martyr of Science"? Victim of Torture? Brewster and Libri (1835-1841) -- 11.2 Immoral Disobedience? Dublin's Cooper and Cincinnati's J. Q. Adams (1838-1844) -- 11.3 Torturing People versus Torturing Texts: Marini's Semi-Offcial Apologia (1850).

11.4 "Moral Torture"? Antihero? Biot's and Chasles's Circumstantialism (1858-1867) -- 11.5 Inquisition Right and Wrong? Madden's Tortured Thinking (1863) -- 12. A Miscarriage of Justice? The Documentation of Impropriety (1867-1879) -- 12.1 A Legal Impropriety: Wohlwill's Radical Revisionism (1870) -- 12.2 Independent Evidence: Gherardi's Inquisition Minutes (1870) -- 12.3 Plea Bargaining out of Court: Commissary Maculano's 1633 Letter Published (1875) -- 12.4 Tampering with the Evidence: Scartazzini on Paper Shuffling (1877-1878) -- 12.5 Inaccurate but Not Forged Documents: Gebler's Balanced Synthesis (1879) -- 13. Galileo Right Again, Wrong Again: Hermeneutics, Epistemology, "Heresy" (1866-1928) -- 13.1 Cultural Penetration and Consolidation (1866-1928) -- 13.2 Galileo Theologically Right: Leo XIII's Encyclical Providentissimus Deus (1893) -- 13.3 Blaming "Realism": Duhem's Epistemological Explanation (1908) -- 13.4 Müller's Anti-Galilean Synthesis and Garzend's Un-Apologetic Concept of Heresy (1909-1912) -- 14. A Catholic Hero: Tricentennial Rehabilitation (1941-1947) -- 14.1 "Harmony of Science and Religion": Gemelli Reverses Traditional View (1942) -- 14.2 A Model of Religious Faith: Paschini's Preview (1943) -- 14.3 A Noble Intellectual Sacrifice: Soccorsi Justifies Galileo's Retraction (1947) -- 15. Secular Indictments: Brecht's Atomic Bomb and Koestler's Two Cultures (1947-1959) -- 15.1 Galileo's Social Betrayal: Brecht's Historical Fiction (1947/1955) -- 15.2 Galileo's Blame for "Science versus Religion": Koestler's Fictional History (1959) -- 16. History on Trial: The Paschini Affair (1941-1979) -- 16.1 Silencing a Historian: Paschini's Letters (1941-1946) -- 16.2 "Rehabilitating" a Historian: The Pontifical Academy's Edition of Paschini's Galileo (1964) -- 16.3 Adulterating Historiography: Bertolla's Recovery of the Genuine Galileo (1978).

17. More "Rehabilitation": Pope John Paul II (1979-1992) -- 17.1 Admitting Wrongs versus Admitting Mistakes: The Einstein Centennial Speech (1979) -- 17.2 Rethinking versus Retrying Galileo: The Vatican Study Commission (1981-1992) -- 17.3 The "Right to Make Mistakes": Brandmüller's New Apology (1982/1992) -- 17.4 Undoing a Rehabilitation: Poupard's Commission Report (1992) -- 17.5 Closing a "Case": The Pope's Complexity Conference Speech (1992) -- Epilogue: Unfinished Business -- NOTES -- SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Z.