Computing and Communications in the Extreme -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Overview and Summary -- REFERENCES -- 1 Application Needs for Computing and Communications -- INTRODUCTION -- CRISIS MANAGEMENT -- Definition and Characteristics -- Scenarios -- Crisis Management Needs for Computing and Communications -- Networking and Communications -- Computation -- Information Management -- User-centered Systems -- OTHER APPLICATION DOMAINS -- Digital Libraries -- Networking -- Computation -- Information Management -- User-centered Systems -- Electronic Commerce -- Networking -- Computation -- Information Management -- User-centered Systems -- Manufacturing -- Networking -- Computation -- Information Management -- User-centered Systems -- Health Care -- Networking -- Computation -- Information Management -- User-centered Systems -- NOTES -- 2 Technology: Research Problems Motivated by Application Needs -- INTRODUCTION -- NETWORKING: THE NEED FOR ADAPTIVITY -- Self-Organisation -- Network Management -- Security -- Composability of Security Policies -- Mobility of Access Rights -- Usability of Security Mechanisms -- Discovery of Resources -- Virtual Subnetworks -- COMPUTATION: DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING -- Modeling and Simulation -- Mobility of Computation and Data -- Storage Servers and Meta-Data -- Anomaly Detection and Inference of Missing Data -- Sensors and Data Collection -- Distributed Resource Management -- Software System Development -- INFORMATION MANAGEMENT: FINDING AND INTEGRATING RESOURCES -- Integration and Location -- Meta-Data and Types -- Production and Value -- Distribution and Relocation -- USER-CENTERED SYSTEMS: DESIGNING APPLICATIONS TO WORK WITH PEOPLE -- Human-centered Systems and Interfaces -- Collaboration and Virtual Organizations -- Judgment Support -- NOTES -- 3 Summary and Findings: Research for National-scale Applications.

RESEARCH CHALLENGES OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT -- TECHNOLOGY DEPLOYMENT AND RESEARCH PROGRESS -- Finding 1: Crisis Management Testbeds -- Finding 2: Studies of Existing National-scale Information Infrastructure -- SUPPORT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES -- Finding 3: Usability -- Finding 4: Collaboration -- SYSTEM COMPOSABILITY AND INTEROPERABILITY -- Finding 5: Focused Standards -- Finding 6: Interoperability -- Finding 7: Integration of Software Components -- Finding 8: Legacy and Longevity -- ADAPTING TO UNCERTAINTY AND CHANGE -- Finding 9: Adaptivity -- Finding 10: Reliability -- PERFORMANCE OF DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS -- Finding 11: Performance of Distributed Systems -- NOTES -- Bibliography -- Appendixes -- A Workshop Series on High Performance Computing and Communications -- WORKSHOP I: AN ASSESSMENT OF HPCC AND APPLICATION NEEDS -- AGENDA -- Participants -- WORKSHOP II: HPCC AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT -- Agenda -- Participants -- WORKSHOP III: HPCC RESEARCH AND APPLICATION NEEDS -- Agenda -- Participants -- B Background-HPCCI and NII -- C Acronyms and Abbreviations.