The Syntax of Nonsententials -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1. Background: Defining and describing nonsententials -- 2. Goals of the current volume -- 3. Volume overview -- Notes -- References -- Toward a nonsentential analysis in generative grammar -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Early arguments for an ellipsis analysis -- 3. Early arguments for a nonsentential analysis -- 4. Mixed analyses -- 5. Data and sentential/nonsentential analyses in Minimalism -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- The syntax of nonsententials -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Outline of the proposed analysis -- 3. Sentence and Tense -- 4. Noun Phrase, Determiners, and Case -- 4.1. DP as a theoretical construct -- 4.2. Tense, Case, and article omission -- 4.3. What is Default Case? -- 5. Small clauses in current syntactic theory -- 6. Tense, Time, assertion, and the role of context -- 6.1. The role of context -- 6.2. When assertion is not available -- 7. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- "Small structures'' -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Fragment answers -- 2.1. Evidence for ellipsis in fragments -- 2.2. Evidence for movement in fragments -- 3. Discourse-initial (?) fragments -- 3.1. Discourse-initial fragments -- 3.2. Nonelliptical varia -- 4. Conclusion -- Note -- References -- Neither fragments nor ellipsis -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Merchant's proposal and its advantages -- 2.1. The [E] feature and movement -- 2.2. The limited ellipsis strategy -- 2.3. Advantages -- 3. Empirical objections -- 3.1. An empirical problem about [E] -- 3.2. An empirical problem about movement -- 3.3. Two empirical problems about limited ellipsis -- 4. A methodological objection: "Fragments'' and simplicity -- 5. Concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- Big questions, small answers -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The elliptical view.

3. The nonelliptical view -- 4. The sluicing view -- 5. Toward a phrasal analysis of small answers -- 6. Conclusions and further issues -- Notes -- References -- Extending the nonsentential analysis -- 1. Introduction -- 2. An overview of special registers -- 2.1. Absence of Tense -- 2.2. Absence of Determiners -- 2.3. Absence of Subjects -- 2.4. Absence of Objects -- 2.5. Summary -- 3. The (non)sentential nature of special registers -- 4. The syntax of nonsententials in special registers -- 4.1. A root small clause analysis -- 4.2. The Tense-Case correlation and the absence of objects in cooking recipes -- 5. Expressing time in special registers -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- The narrowing acquisition path -- 1. Expressive small clauses -- 2. Small clauses in adult English -- 3. Small clauses in child English -- 4. A note on expressive content -- 5. When speaking expressively, we're all children -- 6. Self-directed disapprobation cross-linguistically -- 6.1. Auf Deutsch -- 6.2. Op Afrikaans -- 6.3. Po-Russki -- 6.4. Nihongo-De -- 6.5. General thoughts on variation and interfaces -- 7. The acquisition of expressive small clauses -- 8. Analysis of self-disapprobation small clauses -- 8.1. A meeting at the interface: Type theory -- 8.2. Expressive composition -- 9. Analysis of incredulity small clauses -- 10. Summary and conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Nonsententials and second language acquisition -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 3. Early L2 acquisition data: The Basic Variety -- 4. Learner language and native adult nonsententials -- 5. Nonsentential grammar and theories of L2 acquisition -- 6. Teacher talk -- 7. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- How language adapts to the brain -- 1. Overview -- 2. Variability of symptoms -- 3. Theories of agrammatism as a variable phenomenon.

4. Evidence for the temporal-window hypothesis -- 5. Adaptation -- 5.1. Corrective adaptation is responsible for nonfluency -- 5.2. Preventive adaptation is responsible for syntactic and morphological symptoms -- 5.3. Agrammatic speech has all the grammatical features of normal ellipsis -- 5.4. Distributional properties of types of nonfinite constructions are highly similar in agrammatic speech, child language, and normal ellipsis -- 5.5. Employment of ellipsis is task dependent -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Appendix -- Adaptation in other disorders: Dyslexia, stuttering, and movement disorders -- Nonsententials and agrammatism -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Syntactic deficits associated with agrammatic production -- 3. Theoretical accounts of agrammatic production -- 3.1. Absence of hierarchical structure (Caplan) -- 3.2. Tree pruning in production -- 3.3. Processing in the temporal-window and adaptation theory (Kolk) -- 4. Extending Kolk: Syntactic structure and adaptation theory -- 4.1. Nonsentential grammar -- 4.2. Nonsentential utterances in agrammatic production -- 4.3. Full-grammar versus nonsentential utterances -- 4.4. Summary of the nonsententials approach -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Reduced syntax in (prototypical) pidgins -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Structural characteristics of pidgins -- 3. Processes of pidginization -- 3.1. The role of "foreigner talk'' -- 3.2. The role of L1 influence -- 3.3. The role of language universals -- 4. Pidgins and second language acquisition -- 4.1. The basic variety -- 5. Stages of development in pidginization and early IL -- 5.1. Stage 1 pidgins and ILs -- 5.2. Stage 2 pidgins and ILs: The syntax -- 5.3. Pidgin and IL structures as small clauses -- 5.4. The role of pragmatics in the interpretation of pidgin/IL utterances -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References.

Copula variation in Guyanese Creole and AAVE -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The copula in Rural Guyanese Creole -- 3. Urban Guyanese Creole and the present-tense copula -- 4. Copula variation in Urban Guyanese Creole -- 5. Guyanese Creole and the nonsentential analysis -- 6. Copula variation in AAVE -- 7. AAVE, Guyanese Creole, and the nonsentential analysis -- 8. Discussion -- Notes -- References -- Epilogue -- 1. Nonsententials, individual variation, and multiple grammars -- 2. Why nonsententials: A historical perspective -- 2.1. Tracking (root) small clauses through acquisition and history -- 2.2. Where do root small clauses and other nonsententials come from? -- 3. Elliptical versus nonsentential approaches -- 3.1. Island effects -- 3.2. Case cross-linguistically -- 3.3. Preposition stranding -- 4. Some remaining issues and future prospects -- 4.1. The role of (pragmatic) context -- 4.2. Word order in nonsentential utterances -- 4.3. Parataxis and embedding -- Notes -- References -- Index of languages -- Index of names -- Index of subjects -- The series Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today.