The Acquisition of French -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- The acquisition task -- The innate language faculty -- General assumptions about French -- The different learning situations -- First language acquisition -- Bilingualism -- Acquisition by children with sli -- Second language acquisition -- ug is not available in l2 acquisition -- ug is available in l2 acquisition -- The role of the l1 -- Methodological issues -- Production data -- Judgment tasks -- Organization of the book -- The content of Universal Grammar -- Part I The verbal domain -- The verbal domain -- 1.1. Verbal morphology -- 1.2. Verb placement -- 1.3. Questions for acquisition -- The verbal domain in child L1 French -- 2.1. Inflectional morphology in child L1 French -- 2.1.1 The first finite verbs in child L1 French -- 2.1.2 Root infinitives in child L1 French -- 2.1.3 Development of tense in child L1 French -- 2.1.4 Development of regular vs. irregular morphology in child L1 French -- 2.2. Functional categories in child L1 French -- 2.2.1 Underspecification of Tense values -- 2.2.2 Underspecification of Agreement -- 2.2.3 Underspecification of Number -- 2.2.4 The Unique Checking Constraint (UCC) -- 2.2.5 Truncation -- 2.2.6 Computational limitations -- 2.3. Knowledge of verb movement in child L1 French -- 2.3.1 Development of verb placement with respect to negation in child L1 French -- 2.3.2 Postverbal subjects in child L1 French -- 2.4. Conclusion -- The verbal domain in French bilingual acquisition and in children with SLI learning French -- 3.1. The verbal domain in French bilingual acquisition -- 3.1.1 Inflectional morphology in French bilingual acquisition -- 3.1.1.1 Development of finite morphology in French bilingual acquisition -- 3.1.1.2 Root infinitives in French bilingual acquisition.

3.1.1.3 Knowledge of tense and agreement in French bilingual acquisition -- 3.1.2 The acquisition of verb movement by French bilinguals -- 3.1.3 Conclusion -- 3.2. The verbal domain in acquisition of French by children with SLI -- 3.2.1 Development of inflectional morphology in children with SLI learning French -- 3.2.1.1 Development of finite inflection in children with SLI learning French -- 3.2.1.2 Root infinitives in the acquisition of French by children with SLI -- 3.2.2 Grammatical knowledge of French in children with SLI -- 3.2.3 Conclusion -- The verbal domain in French L2 acquisition -- 4.1. The verbal domain in child L2 acquisition of French -- 4.1.1 Inflectional morphology in child L2 French -- 4.1.1.1 Development of finite inflection in child L2 French -- 4.1.1.2 Root infinitives in child L2 French -- 4.1.1.3 Finite forms in nonfinite positions in child L2 French -- 4.1.2 Development of verb placement in child L2 French -- 4.1.3 The content of child interlanguage grammars of French -- 4.2. The verbal domain adult L2 acquisition of French -- 4.2.1 Inflectional morphology in adult L2 French -- 4.2.1.1 Development of finite inflection in adult L2 French -- 4.2.1.2 Root infinitives in adult L2 French -- 4.2.1.3 Incidence of finite forms in nonfinite positions in adult L2 French -- 4.2.1.4 Theoretical analyses -- 4.2.2 Acquisition of verb placement by adult L2 learners of French -- 4.2.2.1 Production data -- 4.2.2.2 Experimental data -- 4.2.2.3 Theoretical accounts -- 4.2.2.4 Methodological considerations -- 4.3. Conclusion -- Part II Subject and object pronouns -- Subject and object pronouns -- 5.1. French pronouns: Types and formal representations -- 5.1.1 French pronouns and their distributional properties -- 5.1.2 Formal accounts of pronouns -- 5.1.2.1 The cliticization approach -- 5.1.2.2 The affix approach -- 5.1.2.3 Alternative accounts.

5.2. Binding properties of French pronouns -- 5.3. Questions for acquisition -- Subject and object pronouns in child L1 French -- 6.1. Overt pronouns in child L1 French -- 6.1.1 Development of subject clitics in child L1 French -- 6.1.1.1 General development of subject clitics in child L1 French -- 6.1.1.2 Detailed development of subject clitics in child L1 French -- 6.1.1.3 Distribution of clitic subjects in child L1 French -- 6.1.2 Development of accusative clitics in child L1 French -- 6.1.3 Development of reflexive clitics in child L1 French -- 6.1.4 Production vs. comprehension -- 6.1.5 Theoretical implications -- 6.2. Null arguments in child L1 French -- 6.2.1 Null subjects in child L1 French -- 6.2.1.1 The findings -- 6.2.1.2 Theoretical accounts -- 6.2.2 Null objects in child L1 French -- 6.2.2.1 The findings -- 6.2.2.2 Theoretical accounts -- 6.3. L1 acquisition of the binding properties of French pronouns -- 6.4. Conclusion -- Subject and object pronouns in French bilingual acquisition and in children with SLI learning French -- 7.1. Subject and object pronouns in French bilingual acquisition -- 7.1.1 Overt pronouns in French bilingual acquisition -- 7.1.1.1 Development of subject clitics in French bilingual acquisition -- 7.1.1.2 Development of object clitics in French bilingual acquisition -- 7.1.2 Null arguments in French bilingual acquisition -- 7.1.2.1 Null subjects in French bilingual acquisition -- 7.1.2.2 Null objects in French bilingual acquisition -- 7.1.3 Conclusion -- 7.2. Acquisition of French pronouns by children with SLI -- 7.2.1 Development of overt pronouns in children with SLI learning French -- 7.2.2 Null arguments in acquisition of French by children with SLI -- 7.2.3 Acquisition of the binding properties of French pronominal elements by children with SLI -- 7.2.4 Conclusion.

Subject and object pronouns in L2 French acquisition -- 8.1 Development of overt pronouns in L2 French -- 8.1.1 Overt pronouns in child L2 French -- 8.1.1.1 Development of subject clitics in child L2 French -- 8.1.1.2 Development of object clitics in child L2 French -- 8.1.1.3 Theoretical implications -- 8.1.2 Overt pronouns in adult L2 French -- 8.1.2.1 Development of subject clitics in adult L2 French -- 8.1.2.2 Development of object clitics in adult L2 French -- 8.1.2.2.1 Spontaneous production data -- 8.1.2.2.2 Experimental data -- 8.1.2.2.3 Theoretical analyses -- 8.2 Null arguments in L2 acquisition of French -- 8.2.1 Null arguments in child L2 French -- 8.2.1.1 Null subjects in child L2 French -- 8.2.1.2 Null objects in child L2 French -- 8.2.2 Null arguments in adult L2 French -- 8.2.2.1 Null subjects in adult L2 French -- 8.2.2.2 Null objects in adult L2 French -- 8.3 Conclusion -- Part III Determiner phrases -- Determiner phrases -- 9.1. French dps -- 9.1.1 The determiner system in French -- 9.1.1.1 Gender and number -- 9.1.1.2 Definiteness and specificity -- 9.1.2 Agreement concord -- 9.1.3 Determinerless nps -- 9.1.4 Noun placement -- 9.2. The formal representation of DPs -- 9.2.1 The dp hypothesis -- 9.2.2 The different types of determiners and their status -- 9.2.3 The representation of agreement concord -- 9.3. Questions for acquisition -- Determiner phrases in child L1 French -- 10.1 L1 acquisition of determiners in French -- 10.2 Development of definiteness in child L1 French -- 10.3 Development of number and gender in child L1 French -- 10.4 Theoretical implications -- 10.4.1 The initial availability of D -- 10.4.2 Knowledge of definiteness, gender, and number -- 10.4.3 Relationship between the development of determiners and finiteness -- 10.4.4 Relationship between the development of determiners and object clitics.

10.5 Conclusion -- The development of DPs in French bilingual acquisition and in children with SLI learning French -- 11.1. DPs in French bilingual acquisition -- 11.1.1 Production of determiners in obligatory contexts by French bilinguals -- 11.1.2 Development of definiteness, gender, and number in French bilingual acquisition -- 11.1.2.1 Development of definiteness in French bilingual acquisition -- 11.1.2.2 Development of number in French bilingual acquisition -- 11.1.2.3 Development of gender in French bilingual acquisition -- 11.1.2.4 Development of noun placement in French bilingual acquisition -- 11.1.3 Theoretical implications -- 11.1.3.1 The development of D -- 11.1.3.2 The development of number and gender -- 11.1.3.3 Relationship with the development of IP -- 11.1.3.4 Relationship between the development of determiners and object clitics -- 11.1.4 Conclusion -- 11.2. The acquisition of French DPs by children with SLI -- 11.2.1 Development of French determiners in children with SLI -- 11.2.2 Development of number, gender, and noun placement in children with SLI learning French -- 11.2.3 Comparison with the development of object pronouns in children with SL1 learning French -- 11.2.4 Relationship with the development of RIs in children with SL1 learning French -- 11.2.5 Theoretical implications -- 11.2.6 Conclusion -- Determiner phrases in L2 French acquisition -- 12.1. DPs in child L2 French -- 12.1.1 Development of determiners in child L2 French -- 12.1.2 Development of number and gender in child L2 French -- 12.1.3 Theoretical implications -- 12.2. DPs in adult L2 French -- 12.2.1 Development of determiners, definiteness, number, and gender in adult L2 French -- 12.2.1.1 The production of determiners by adult L2 French learners -- 12.2.1.2 Development of definiteness in adult L2 French.

12.2.1.3 The clitic status of determiners in adult L2 French.