FrontMatter -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Evolution of NIH's Organizational Structure -- 3 New Opportunities, New Challenges: The Changing Nature of Biomedical Science -- 4 The Organizational Structure of the National Institutes of Health -- 5 Enhancing NIH's Ability to Respond to New Challenges -- 6 Accountability, Administration, and Leadership -- 7 Putting Principles into Practice -- References -- Appendixes -- APPENDIX A Sources of Information Provided to the Committee -- APPENDIX B Acronyms and Abbreviations -- APPENDIX C Committee Member Biographies.