Contents -- Preface -- 1. Introduction 1 -- 1.1 Evolution Process 1 -- 1.2 Why Wireless IP Networks? 2 -- 1.3 Traffic Issues 4 -- 1.4 Design Issues 5 -- 2. Third Generation Wireless Mobile Communications and Beyond 9 -- 2.1 Introduction 9 -- 2.2 Evolution of Wireless Communication 11 -- 2.3 Second Generation Mobile Networks 12 -- 2.3.1 GSM-State of the Art 15 -- 2.4 Evolution from 2G to 3G 16 -- 2.4.1 HSCSD 17 -- 2.4.2 GPRS-Tracing the Way to Mobile Internet 17 -- 2.4.3 EDGE 19 -- 2.5 Third Generation Mobile Networks 20 -- 2.5.1 Standardization 20 -- 2.5.2 UTMS 22 -- 2.5.3 WCDMA 28 -- 2.5.4 TD-CDMA 31 -- 2.5.5 cdma2000 32 -- 2.6 Thrid Generation Mobile Applications and Services 35 -- 2.6.1 New Killer Applications 38 -- 2.6.2 Real-Time Services 41 -- 2.6.3 Nonreal-Time Services 43 -- 2.7 Future Wireless Communication Networks Beyond 3G 44 -- 2.7.1 All-IP Mobile Network 47 -- 2.8 Discussion 49 -- 3. Wireless Mobile Internet 53 -- 3.1 Introduction 53 -- 3.2 IP 54 -- 3.2.1 IPv4 -- 3.2.2 IP Version 6 -- 3.3 Transport Control of IP Packets 57 -- 3.3.1 TCP Mechanisms 58 -- 3.3.2 TCP Implementations 61 -- 3.3.3 Stream Control Transmission Protocol 62 -- 3.4 QoS Provisioning in the Internet 63 -- 3.4.1 MPLS 64 -- 3.4.2 Integrated Services 66 -- 3.4.3 Differentiated Services 69 -- 3.5 Introduction of Mobility to the Internet 73 -- 3.5.1 Mobile IP Protocol 74 -- 3.5.2 Micromobility 76 -- 3.6 QoS Specifics of Wireless Networks 83 -- 3.6.1 Cellular Topology 83 -- 3.6.2 Mobility 83 -- 3.6.3 BER in the Wireless Link 85 -- 3.7 Discussion 86 -- 4. Teletraffic Theory 91 -- 4.1 Introduction 91 -- 4.2 Some Important Random Processes 92 -- 4.3 Discrete Markov Chains 96 -- 4.4 The Birth-Death Process 100 -- 4.4.1 Stationary System 104 -- 4.4.2 Birth-Death Queuing Systems in Equilibrium 106 -- 4.5 Teletraffic Theory for Loss Systems with Full Accessibility 106.

4.6 Teletraffic Theory for Loss Systems with Multiple Traffic Types 111 -- 4.6.1 Loss Systems with Integrated Traffic 112 -- 4.6.2 Phase-Type Distributions 114 -- 4.6.3 Multidimensional Erlang Formula 117 -- 4.6.4 Priority Queuing 120 -- 4.6.5 Error Control Impact on Traffic 123 -- 4.7 Teletraffic Modeling of Wireless Networks 126 -- 4.8 Principles of Dimensioning 129 -- 4.9 Discussion 132 -- 5. Characterization and Classification of IP Traffic 135 -- 5.1 Introduction 135 -- 5.2 Characterization of IP Traffic 136 -- 5.2.1 Aggregate Internet Traffic 136 -- 5.2.2 Internet Traffic Components 137 -- 5.3 QoS Classification of IP Traffic 139 -- 5.4 Statistical Characteristics 143 -- 5.4.1 Nature of IP Traffic 144 -- 5.4.2 Self-Similar Processes 149 -- 5.4.3 Statistical Analysis of Nonreal-Time Traffic 152 -- 5.4.4 Statistical Analysis of Real-Time Services 155 -- 5.4.5 Genesis of IP-Traffic Self-Similarity 158 -- 5.5 Discussion 164 -- 6. Architecture for Mobile IP Networks with Multiple Traffic Classes 167 -- 6.1 Introduction 167 -- 6.2 Architecture of Wireless IP Networks with Integrated Services 168 -- 6.2.1 Network Architecture 169 -- 6.2.2 Integrated Simulation Architecture 170 -- 6.3 Conceptual Model of Network Nodes 171 -- 6.3.1 Scheduling Schemes 173 -- 6.4 Simulation Architecture for Performance Analysis 176 -- 6.5 Wireless Link Model 177 -- 6.6 Traffic Modeling 179 -- 6.6.1 Call-Level Traffic Modeling 179 -- 6.6.2 Packet-Level Traffic Modeling 180 -- 6.7 Mobility Modeling 186 -- 6.7.1 Macromobility Model 187 -- 6.7.2 Micromobility Model 190 -- 6.8 Performance Parameters 190 -- 6.8.1 QoS Parameters on Call-Level 190 -- 6.8.2 QoS Parameters on Packet-Level 192 -- 6.8.3 Capacity 193 -- 6.9 Discussion 195 -- 7. Analytical Analysis of Multimedia Mobile Networks 199 -- 7.1 Introduction 199.

7.2 Analysis of Mobile Networks with Single Traffic Class 200 -- 7.2.1 Analytical Modeling 200 -- 7.3 Analysis of Multimedia Mobile Networks with Deterministic Resource Reservation 204 -- 7.4 Analysis of Multimedia Mobile Networks with Statistical Local Admission Control 208 -- 7.4.1 Efficiency of the Mobile Network 211 -- 7.4.2 Optimization of Mobile Networks 215 -- 7.5 Traffic Loss Analysis in Multiclass Mobile Networks 217 -- 7.5.1 Application of Multidimensional Erlang-B Formula in Mobile Networks 217 -- 7.5.2 Multirate Traffic Analysis 220 -- 7.6 Traffic Analysis of CDMA Networks 226 -- 7.6.1 Capacity Analysis of CDMA Network 227 -- 7.6.2 Calculation of the Soft Capacity 233 -- 7.6.3 Numerical Analysis 234 -- 7.7 Discussion 236 -- 8. Admission Control with QoS Support in Wireless IP Networks 239 -- 8.1 Introduction 239 -- 8.2 System Model 240 -- 8.3 Hybrid Admission Control 242 -- 8.3.1 Hybrid Admission Control Algorithm 242 -- 8.4 Analytical Frame of HAC 244 -- 8.5 Optimal Thresholds in HAC Algorithm 253 -- 8.6 Analysis of the Admission Control in Wireless Networks 255 -- 8.7 Admission Control in Wireless CDMA Networks 260 -- 8.7.1 SIR-Based Admission Control 261 -- 8.7.2 Load-Based Admission Control 262 -- 8.7.3 Power-Based Admission Control 263 -- 8.7.4 Power Control 265 -- 8.7.5 Performance Measures for CDMA Systems 265 -- 8.7.6 Congestion Control 266 -- 8.7.7 Hybrid Admission Control Algorithm for Multiclass CDMA Networks 266 -- 8.8 Discussion 267 -- 9. Performance Analysis of Cellular IP Networks 271 -- 9.1 Introduction 271 -- 9.2 Service Differentiation in Cellular Packet Networks 272 -- 9.3 Handover in Cellular Networks 274 -- 9.3.1 Handover in Cellular Packet Networks 274 -- 9.3.2 Handover Mechanisms 275 -- 9.3.3 Analysis of Packet Losses at Handover 277 -- 9.4 Network Model 279 -- 9.5 Simulation Analysis in Wireless IP Networks 280.

9.5.1 Handover Loss Analysis for CBR Flows 280 -- 9.5.2 Handover Loss Analysis for VBR Flows 284 -- 9.5.3 Handover Loss Analysis for Best-Effort Flows 290 -- 9.5.4 Performance Analysis of Different Traffic Types Under Location-Dependent Bit Errors 293 -- 9.6 Discussion 295 -- 10. Handover Agents for QoS Support 299 -- 10.1 Introduction 299 -- 10.2 Handover Agent Algorithm for Wireless IP Networks 300 -- 10.2.1 Who May Initiate a Handover? 300 -- 10.2.2 Handover Types on a Link Layer 301 -- 10.2.3 Handover Agents 302 -- 10.3 Routing in the Wireless Access Network 305 -- 10.4 Location Control and Paging 310 -- 10.5 Discovery of the Crossover Node 312 -- 10.5.1 Crossover Node Discovery for B Flows 312 -- 10.5.2 Crossover Node Discovery for A Flows 313 -- 10.6 Performance Analysis of the Handover Agent Scheme 314 -- 10.7 Discussion 319 -- 11. QoS Provisioning in Wireless IP Networks Through Class-Based Queuing 323 -- 11.1 Introduction 323 -- 11.2 Wireless Network and Channel Model 325 -- 11.3 Design of Wireless Scheduling Algorithms 326 -- 11.3.1 Wireline and Wireless Fluid Fair Queuing 326 -- 11.3.2 WFQ Algorithms 328 -- 11.3.3 Service Differentiation Applied to Existing Systems 331 -- 11.4 Wireless Class-Based Flexible Queuing 334 -- 11.4.1 Class Differentiation 334 -- 11.4.2 Scheduling in an Error State 338 -- 11.4.3 Characteristics of WCBFQ 342 -- 11.5 Simulation Analysis 343 -- 11.6 Discussion 347 -- 12. Conclusions 351.