Wireless Technician's Handbook Second Edition -- Contents v -- Foreword xi -- Acknowledgments xiii -- Chapter 1 Reviewing the Basics 1 -- 1.1 A Review for the Technician, an Introduction for the Newcomer 1 -- 1.2 Domains: Time and Frequency 1 -- 1.3 Power 3 -- 1.4 Understanding Propagation 6 -- 1.5 The Transmit and Receive Path 9 -- 1.6 Digital Basics 11 -- 1.7 Modulation 15 -- 1.8 Vocoding 16 -- 1.9 Shift Keying 18 -- 1.10 GSM and GMSK 20 -- 1.11 π/4 DQPSK and IS-136 20 -- 1.12 QPSK/O-QPSK and CDMA 20 -- 1.13 8PSK 21 -- 1.14 Spread Spectrum 21 -- 1.15 Conclusion 22 -- Chapter 2 Cellular Radio Concepts 23 -- 2.1 The Cellular Concept 23 -- 2.2 The History of Cellular 23 -- 2.3 The "Cell" in Cellular 28 -- 2.4 The Typical Modern Network 31 -- 2.5 The Concept of Multiple Access 32 -- 2.6 The Key to Truly Mobile Communications-The Handoff 34 -- 2.7 Sectorization 36 -- 2.8 Antennas 37 -- 2.9 Improving Performance 39 -- 2.10 Squeezing Out As Much As We Can-Repeaters and Front Ends 40 -- 2.11 Systems in Use Around the Globe 42 -- 2.12 Conclusion 45 -- Chapter 3 Advanced Mobile Phone Service 47 -- 3.1 The Basics of AMPS 47 -- 3.2 The Analog Network 47 -- 3.3 Signaling on the Analog System 48 -- 3.4 Preparing Analog Signals 51 -- 3.5 Identifying the Mobiles and Base Stations 53 -- 3.6 Frequency Channels 55 -- 3.7 Control and Voice Channels 55 -- 3.8 The FOCC 56 -- 3.10 The Voice Channels 61 -- 3.11 Call-Processing States 63 -- 3.12 Transmit Power 64 -- 3.13 The Handoff 65 -- 3.14 The Problems with AMPS 67 -- 3.15 Conclusion 69 -- Chapter 4 NA-TDMA 71 -- 4.1 Introduction to NA-TDMA 71 -- 4.2 Nomenclature of NA-TDMA-Identifiers and Architecture 72 -- 4.3 Channels in NA-TDMA 74 -- 4.4 π/4 DQPSK-The Modulation of NA-TDMA 75 -- 4.5 The FOCC, RECC, FVC, and RVC in IS-136 77 -- 4.6 The Digital Traffic Channel 79 -- 4.7 Messages on the DTCH 82 -- 4.8 The DCCH 83.

4.9 Sleep Mode 85 -- 4.10 Messages on the DCCH 86 -- 4.11 MAHO 87 -- 4.12 Authentication 88 -- 4.13 Conclusion 92 -- Chapter 5 GSM 93 -- 5.1 Introduction 93 -- 5.2 GSM System Architecture 94 -- 5.3 Identifiers in GSM 95 -- 5.4 Modulation in GSM 96 -- 5.5 Power Levels 97 -- 5.6 GSM Channels 98 -- 5.7 Control Channels 100 -- 5.8 Vocoders and Traffic Channels 102 -- 5.9 Messaging 104 -- 5.10 Burst Types 105 -- 5.11 Frequency Hopping 106 -- 5.12 Handovers 107 -- 5.13 Multipath Equalization 107 -- 5.14 Stage 2 and Beyond 107 -- 5.15 Conclusion 108 -- Chapter 6 GPRS and EDGE 109 -- 6.1 Introduction 109 -- 6.2 GPRS Basics 111 -- 6.3 Packet Data Protocol Basics 111 -- 6.4 GPRS Phones and Devices 112 -- 6.5 Understanding the Layers 113 -- 6.6 GPRS Physical Channels 114 -- 6.7 GPRS Coding 117 -- 6.8 Bursts 119 -- 6.9 Channel Allocation 120 -- 6.10 Logical Channels 122 -- 6.11 Overview of GPRS Processes 124 -- 6.12 The EDGE Format 125 -- 6.13 8PSK Modulation and EDGE Coding 126 -- 6.14 EDGE and the Future 127 -- Chapter 7 CDMA IS-95 and J-Std-008 129 -- 7.1 Introduction 129 -- 7.2 The Modulation We Use in CDMA 129 -- 7.3 Multiple Access in CDMA 129 -- 7.4 Capacity: The Reason for the Hype 130 -- 7.5 Understanding the "Code" in CDMA 131 -- 7.6 The CDMA Vocoders 133 -- 7.7 The Forward Link-Code Channels 134 -- 7.8 Synchronization on the Forward Link 139 -- 7.9 The Reverse Link Channels 140 -- 7.10 Power Control 143 -- 7.11 Call Processing-The Four States 144 -- 7.12 Registrations in CDMA 145 -- 7.13 Handoffs in CDMA 146 -- 7.14 The Pilot Searching Process 147 -- 7.15 Conclusion 149 -- Chapter 8 CDMA2000 151 -- 8.1 Introduction 151 -- 8.2 CDMA Evolution 151 -- 8.3 Overview of 1X-RTT and 3X-RTT 152 -- 8.4 Radio Configurations 155 -- 8.5 Spreading and Channel Coding Changes 156 -- 8.6 Air Interface Differences 158 -- 8.7 Power Control Changes 160.

8.8 Physical Channel Overview 161 -- 8.9 Forward Physical Channels 163 -- 8.10 Reverse Physical Channels 167 -- 8.11 Logical Channels and Layering Overview 169 -- 8.12 Handoff Changes 170 -- 8.13 Forward Transmit Diversity 170 -- 8.14 TDD Mode 171 -- 8.15 Conclusion 171 -- Chapter 9 WCDMA 173 -- 9.1 Introduction 173 -- 9.2 History of WCDMA 173 -- 9.3 Features and Benefits of WCDMA 175 -- 9.4 TDD and FDD Modes 175 -- 9.5 Introduction to Nomenclature 179 -- 9.6 Slot and Frame Structure 180 -- 9.7 Logical and Transport Channels 181 -- 9.8 Physical Channels 184 -- 9.9 Spreading 185 -- 9.10 Synchronization 188 -- 9.11 Power Control 189 -- 9.12 Handovers in WCDMA 190 -- 9.13 Modulation 192 -- 9.14 Multiple Channel Codes 193 -- 9.15 Conclusion 193 -- Chapter 10 The Basics of Field Test 195 -- 10.1 Introduction 195 -- 10.2 Types of Cellular and PCS Technicians 195 -- 10.3 Introduction to the Radio Transceiver 197 -- 10.4 Measuring Power 200 -- 10.5 Time and Frequency Error Measurements 203 -- 10.6 Spectrum Analysis 204 -- 10.7 Scalar Network Analysis 208 -- 10.8 Testing the Audio and Mechanical Components 209 -- 10.9 Testing Modulation 210 -- 10.10 Introducing the Communications Test Set 210 -- 10.11 Drive Test Tools 211 -- 10.12 The Battery 212 -- 10.13 Conclusion 213 -- Chapter 11 Testing AMPS 215 -- 11.1 Introduction to the AMPS Transceiver 215 -- 11.2 The AMPS Receiver 215 -- 11.3 Filters and Testing AMPS 217 -- 11.4 Testing the AMPS Receiver 217 -- 11.5 The AMPS Transmitter 221 -- 11.6 Testing the AMPS Transmitter 221 -- 11.7 Conclusion 224 -- Chapter 12 Testing TDMA Systems-GSM, NA-TDMA, GPRS, and EDGE 225 -- 12.1 Introduction 225 -- 12.2 Introduction to the TDMA Transceiver 225 -- 12.3 Introduction to the TDMA Tests 228 -- 12.4 Functional Tests 228 -- 12.5 Transmitter Tests 230 -- 12.6 Receiver Tests 234 -- 12.7 Audio Tests 239.

12.8 Testing Data-GPRS and EDGE 239 -- 12.9 Conclusion 240 -- Chapter 13 Testing CDMA 241 -- 13.1 Introduction 241 -- 13.2 Introduction to the CDMA Transceiver 242 -- 13.3 Introduction to CDMA Tests 242 -- 13.4 Testing Power 244 -- 13.5 Code-Domain Tests (BTS Only) 249 -- 13.6 Timing, Frequency, and Modulation Testing 253 -- 13.7 Call-Processing Tests 255 -- 13.8 Out-of-Band Tests 255 -- 13.9 Receiver Tests 256 -- 13.10 1X and Beyond 257 -- 13.11 Conclusion 258 -- Chapter 14 WCDMA and Beyond: Testing Overview 259 -- 14.1 Overview 259 -- 14.2 Transmission Tests 259 -- 14.3 Receiver Tests 260 -- 14.4 Conclusion 260 -- Appendix A 263 -- Appendix B 265 -- Glossary 267 -- Selected Bibliography 277 -- About the Author 279 -- Index 281.