Front Cover -- Geotechnical Engineering Calculations and Rules of Thumb -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Part 1: Geotechnical Engineering Fundamentals -- Chapter 1. Site Investigation and Soil Conditions -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Cohesion -- 1.1.2 Friction -- 1.2 Origin of a Project -- 1.3 Geotechnical Investigation Procedure -- 1.4 Literature Survey -- 1.4.1 Adjacent Property Owners -- 1.4.2 Aerial Surveys -- 1.5 Field Visit -- 1.5.1 Hand Auguring -- 1.5.2 Sloping Ground -- 1.5.3 Nearby Structures -- 1.5.4 Contaminated Soils -- 1.5.5 Underground Utilities -- 1.5.6 Overhead Power Lines -- 1.5.7 Man-Made Fill Areas -- 1.5.8 Field Visit Checklist -- 1.6 Subsurface Investigation Phase -- 1.6.1 Soil Strata Identification -- 1.7 Geotechnical Field Tests -- 1.7.1 SPT(N) Value -- 1.7.2 Pocket Penetrometer -- 1.7.3 Vane Shear Test -- 1.8 Correlation Between Friction Angle (φ) and SPT (N) Value -- 1.8.1 Hatakanda and Uchida Equation -- 1.8.2 SPT (N) Value vs. Total Density -- 1.9 SPT (N) Value Computation Based on Drill Rig Efficiency -- 1.10 SPT-CPT Correlations -- 1.11 Groundwater -- 1.11.1 Dewatering -- 1.11.2 Landfill Construction -- 1.11.3 Seismic Analysis -- 1.11.4 Monitoring Wells -- 1.11.5 Aquifers with Artesian Pressure -- 1.12 Laboratory Testing -- 1.12.1 Sieve Analysis -- 1.12.2 Hydrometer -- 1.12.3 Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit (Atterberg Limit) -- 1.12.4 Permeability Test -- 1.12.5 Unconfined Undrained Compressive Strength Tests (UU Tests) -- 1.12.6 Tensile Failure -- References -- Chapter 2. Geotechnical Engineering Theoretical Concepts -- 2.1 Vertical Effective Stress -- 2.2 Lateral Earth Pressure -- 2.3 Stress Increase Due to Footings -- 2.4 Overconsolidation Ratio (OCR) -- 2.4.1 Overconsolidation Due to Glaciers -- 2.4.2 Overconsolidation Due to Groundwater Lowering -- 2.5 Soil Compaction -- 2.5.1 Modified Proctor Test Procedure.

2.5.2 Controlled Fill Applications -- 2.6 Borrow Pit Computations -- 2.6.1 Procedure -- 2.6.2 Summary of Steps for Borrow Pit Problems -- Part 2: Shallow Foundations -- Chapter 3. Shallow Foundation Fundamentals -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Buildings -- 3.2.1 Buildings with Basements -- 3.3 Bridges -- 3.4 Frost Depth -- Chapter 4. Bearing Capacity: Rules of Thumb -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Bearing Capacity in Medium to Coarse Sands -- 4.3 Bearing Capacity in Fine Sands -- Chapter 5. Bearing Capacity Computation -- 5.1 Terms Used in the Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Equation -- 5.2 Description of Terms in the Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Equation -- 5.2.1 Cohesion Term -- 5.2.2 Surcharge Term -- 5.2.3 Density Term -- 5.3 Discussion of the Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Equation -- 5.3.1 Effect of Density -- 5.3.2 Effect of Friction Angle φ -- 5.4 Bearing Capacity in Sandy Soil -- 5.5 Bearing Capacity in Clay -- 5.6 Bearing Capacity in Layered Soil -- 5.7 Bearing Capacity when Groundwater Present -- 5.8 Groundwater Below the Stress Triangle -- 5.9 Groundwater Above the Bottom of Footing Level -- 5.10 Groundwater at Bottom of Footing Level -- 5.11 Shallow Foundations in Bridge Abutments -- Chapter 6. Elastic Settlement of Shallow Foundations -- 6.1 Introduction -- Reference -- Chapter 7. Foundation Reinforcement Design -- 7.1 Concrete Design (Refresher) -- 7.1.1 Load Factors -- 7.1.2 Strength Reduction Factors (φ) -- 7.1.3 How Do We Find the Shear Strength? -- 7.2 Design for Beam Flexure -- 7.3 Foundation Reinforcement Design -- 7.3.1 Design for Punching Shear -- 7.3.2 Punching Shear Zone -- 7.3.3 Design Reinforcements for Bending Moment -- Chapter 8. Grillage Design -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 What Is a Grillage? -- Chapter 9. Footings Subjected to Bending Moment -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Representation of Bending Moment with an Eccentric Load.

Chapter 10. Geogrids -- 10.1 Failure Mechanisms -- Reference -- Chapter 11. Tie Beams and Grade Beams -- 11.1 Tie Beams -- 11.2 Grade Beams -- 11.3 Construction Joints -- Chapter 12. Drainage for Shallow Foundations -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 Well Points -- 12.1.2 Small Scale Dewatering for Column Footings -- 12.1.3 Medium Scale Dewatering for Basements or Deep Excavations -- 12.1.4 Large Scale Dewatering for Basements or Deep Excavations -- 12.1.5 Design of Dewatering Systems -- 12.2 Ground Freezing -- 12.2.1 Ground Freezing Technique -- 12.2.2 Ground Freezing-Practical Aspects -- 12.3 Drain Pipes and Filter Design -- 12.3.1 Design of Gravel Filters -- 12.4 Geotextile Filter Design -- 12.4.1 Geotextile Wrapped Granular Drains (Sandy Surrounding Soils) -- 12.4.2 Geotextile Wrapped Granular Drains (Clayey Surrounding Soils) -- 12.4.3 Geotextile Wrapped Pipe Drains -- 12.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 13. Selection of Foundation Type -- 13.1 Shallow Foundations -- 13.2 Mat Foundations -- 13.3 Pile Foundations -- 13.4 Caissons -- 13.5 Foundation Selection Criteria -- Chapter 14. Consolidation -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.1.1 Secondary Compression -- 14.1.2 Summary of Concepts Learned -- 14.2 Excess Pore Pressure Distribution -- 14.3 Normally Consolidated Clays and Overconsolidated Clays -- 14.4 Total Primary Consolidation -- 14.5 Consolidation in Overconsolidated Clay -- 14.6 Computation of Time for Consolidation -- 14.6.1 Drainage Layer (H) -- Part 3: Earth Retaining Structures -- Chapter 15. Earth Retaining Structures -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Water Pressure Distribution -- 15.2.1 Computation of Horizontal Pressure in Soil -- 15.3 Active Earth Pressure Coefficient, Ka -- 15.4 Earth Pressure Coefficient at Rest, K0 -- 15.5 Gravity Retaining Walls: Sand Backfill -- 15.5.1 Resistance Against Sliding Failure.

15.5.2 Resistance Against Overturning -- 15.6 Retaining Wall Design When Groundwater Is Present -- 15.7 Retaining Wall Design in Nonhomogeneous Sands -- 15.7.1 General Equation for Gravity Retaining Walls -- 15.7.2 Lateral Earth Pressure Coefficient for Clayey Soils (Active Condition) -- 15.7.3 Lateral Earth Pressure Coefficient for Clayey Soils (Passive Condition) -- 15.7.4 Earth Pressure Coefficients for Cohesive Backfills -- 15.7.5 Drainage Using Geotextiles -- 15.7.6 Consolidation of Clayey Soils -- Chapter 16. Gabion Walls -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Log Retaining Walls -- 16.2.1 Construction Procedure of Log Walls -- Chapter 17. Reinforced Earth Walls -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Equations to Compute the Horizontal Force on the Facing Unit, H -- 17.3 Equations to Compute the Metal-Soil Friction, P -- Part 4: Geotechnical Engineering Strategies -- Chapter 18. Geotechnical Engineering Software -- 18.1 Shallow Foundations -- 18.1.1 SPT Foundation -- 18.1.2 ABC Bearing Capacity Computation -- 18.1.3 Settle 3D -- 18.1.4 Vdrain-Consolidation Settlement -- 18.1.5 Embank -- 18.2 Slope Stability Analysis -- 18.2.1 Reinforced Soil Slopes (RSS) -- 18.2.2 Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls (MSEW) -- 18.3 Bridge Foundations -- 18.3.1 FB Multipier -- 18.4 Rock Mechanics -- 18.4.1 Wedge Failure Analysis -- 18.4.2 Rock Mass Strength Parameters -- 18.5 Pile Design -- 18.5.1 Spile -- 18.5.2 Kalny -- 18.6 Lateral Loading Analysis-Computer Software -- 18.6.1 Lateral Loading Analysis Using Computer Programs -- 18.6.2 Soil Parameters for Sandy Soils -- 18.6.3 Soil Parameters for Clayey Soils -- 18.7 Finite Element Method -- 18.7.1 Representation of Time History -- 18.7.2 Groundwater Changes -- 18.7.3 Disadvantages -- 18.7.4 Finite Element Computer Programs -- 18.8 Boundary Element Method -- References -- Chapter 19. Geotechnical Instrumentation.

19.1 Inclinometer -- 19.1.1 Procedure -- 19.2 Tiltmeter -- 19.2.1 Procedure -- Chapter 20. Unbraced Excavations -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.1.1 Unbraced Excavations in Sandy Soils (Heights Less than 15 ft) -- 20.1.2 Unbraced Excavations in Cohesive Soils (Heights Less than 15 ft) -- Reference -- Chapter 21. Raft Design -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Raft Design in Sandy Soils -- Reference -- Chapter 22. Rock Mechanics and Foundation Design in Rock -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Brief Overview of Rocks -- 22.3 Rock Joints -- 22.3.1 Joint Set -- 22.3.2 Foundations on Rock -- 22.4 Rock Coring and Logging -- 22.4.1 Rock Quality Designation (RQD) -- 22.4.2 Joint Filler Materials -- 22.4.3 Core Loss Information -- 22.4.4 Fractured Zones -- 22.4.5 Drill Water Return Information -- 22.4.6 Water Color -- 22.4.7 Rock Joint Parameters -- 22.4.8 Joint Types -- 22.5 Rock Mass Classification -- 22.6 Q system -- 22.6.1 Rock Quality Designation (RQD) -- 22.6.2 Joint Set Number, Jn -- 22.6.3 Joint Roughness Number, Jr -- 22.6.4 Joint Alteration Number, Ja -- 22.6.5 Joint Water Reduction Factor, Jw -- 22.6.6 Defining the Stress Reduction Factor (SRF) -- 22.6.7 Obtaining the Stress Reduction Factor (SRF) -- References -- Chapter 23. Dip Angle and Strike -- 23.1 Introduction -- 23.1.1 Dip Direction -- 23.2 Oriented Rock Coring -- 23.2.1 Oriented Coring Procedure -- 23.2.2 Oriented Coring Procedure (Summary) -- 23.3 Oriented Core Data -- Chapter 24. Rock Bolts, Dowels, and Cable Bolts -- 24.1 Introduction -- 24.1.1 Applications -- 24.2 Mechanical Rock Anchors -- 24.2.1 Mechanical Anchor Failure -- 24.2.2 Design of Mechanical Anchors -- 24.2.3 Grouting Methodology for Mechanical Rock Anchors -- 24.2.4 Tube Method -- 24.2.5 Hollow Rock Bolts -- 24.3 Resin Anchored Rock Bolts -- 24.3.1 Disadvantages -- 24.3.2 Advantages -- 24.4 Rock Dowels -- 24.4.1 Cement Grouted Dowels.

24.4.2 Split Set Stabilizers.