Women Entrepreneurship and Social Capital -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Part I Specifics of Women's Entrepreneurship Theory -- Chapter 1 Introduction Women Entrepreneurs - Creators and Creations of Social Capital -- Gendered Entrepreneurs -- Social Capital -- Structure of the Book -- References -- Chapter 2 Entrepreneurship in Organization - Gender and Social Capital -- Introduction -- Organizational Entrepreneurship and Social Capital -- Gender Approach -- Gendered Processes of Organizational Entrepreneurship -- Organizational Intrapreneurs -- How Organizational Entrepreneurship Gathers Prosperity -- Commitment as a Key: Cultures and Identities of Organizations -- Stability of Organizational Structure giving Support to Social Capital Accumulation -- Discussion and Practical Implications -- References -- Chapter 3 Gender in Entrepreneurship Research: A Critical Look at the Literature -- Introduction -- The Literature -- Management Style -- Performance -- Training Needs -- Networking -- Balancing Work and Family -- Financing -- The Limitations of the Studies -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 From Marginality to Centre Women's Entrepreneurship Policy Challenges Government's Gender Neutrality in Finland -- Women Entrepreneurship and Equality Problems in Finnish Society -- Facts and Specifics of Equality and Women Entrepreneurship -- Sectored Differences, Small Firms and Lower Security for Self-Employed Women -- Horizontal Segregation -- Vertical Segregation -- Gender Lenses as Methodological Approach from Marginality to Centre -- Gender Lenses to Women Entrepreneurship Research -- Reality of Men as the Idol and Bases for Women Entrepreneurship Research -- The Comparison Phase, Women Compared to Men's Reality -- Women Become Visible with their Own Reality -- Case Finland: Government Fosters to Break Gender Neutrality.

New Demands by the New Act of Equality -- The Entrepreneurship Policy Programme in Finland -- Gender Specific Activities in Policy Program -- Conclusion -- Theoretical and Practical Implications -- References -- Part II Gendered Nature of the Social Capital in Entrepreneurship -- Chapter 5 Organisational Entrepreneurs in the Public Sectors - Social Capital and Gender -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Frame of Reference -- Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship -- Gender -- Social Capital -- Social Capital and Networks - Strong and Weak Ties -- The Context - The Swedish Public Sector -- A Scandinavian Welfare Model in the Age of New Public Management (NPM) -- County Councils - Dominated by Healthcare Professions Municipalities - 'ein Mädchen für alles' -- Entrepreneurial Employees in the Public Sector -- The Elderly Care Entrepreneur The Person -- The Vision of the Entrepreneur High Quality and a Bottom-up Perspective -- The Healthcare Entrepreneur The Person -- The Vision - Good Care and an Efficient and Constantly Changing System -- Discussion -- The Elderly Care Entrepreneur - Combining Strong Ties and Bridging -- The Healthcare Entrepreneur Resistance and Legitimacy through Hierarchical and External Networks -- A Comparison of the Varying Importance of Gender and Social Capital for Entrepreneurial Success -- Conclusions and Implications -- The Gender System is also Active at Sector and Organisational Levels -- References -- Chapter 6 Network Credit: The Magic of Trust -- Trust - The Clue in Credit -- The Paradox of Network Credit System in Norway -- The Empirical Study -- Outline of the Chapter -- Three Interrelated Forms of Trust -- The Concept and Forms of Trust -- Precontractual Trust -- Relational Trust -- Structural Trust -- Summary of Different Forms of Trust -- Credit = Managing Risk through Trust -- Network Credit - A System of Trust.

Network Credit System -- The Sovereign Network Group -- Learning through Participation -- External Support and Supervision -- The Network Credit Borrowers -- The Network Group -- The Intersection of Gender, Power and Trust -- The Powerful Notion 'Entrepreneur' -- The Power of the Prevailing Order -- Conclusion: To Give Credit = Trust -- The Empowering Effects of Trust -- The Gendered Power of Performance -- The Need for Network Credit -- Relational Trust - A New Scenario? -- Implications and Future Research -- References -- Chapter 7 Examining the Role of Social Capital in Female Professionals' Reputation Building and Opportunities Gathering: A Network Approach -- Introduction -- Examining Social Capital and its Conditions on the Persistence of Gender Inequality -- Network Closure -- The Degree of Reach -- The Motivation and Willingness of other Contacts to Share -- The Role of Social Capital on Reputation Building and Opportunities Gathering -- Social Capital and Reputation Building -- Social Capital and Opportunities Gathering -- Discussion -- References -- Chapter 8 The Problematic Relationship between Social Capital Theory and Gender Research -- Some Problems with Social Capital Theory -- Some Problems with Research on Women's Entrepreneurship -- Gendering of Entrepreneurship Theory -- Essentialism -- Individualism -- Social Capital Theory in Research on Women's Entrepreneurship -- Essentialist, Individualist and Gendered Assumptions -- Gendering Processes in Networking -- The Gendering of Social Structure -- The Risk of Essentializing Collective Social Capital -- Using Gender as Analytical Concept Instead of Explanatory Variable -- References -- Part III Cross-Cultural Context of Women's Entrepreneurship -- Chapter 9 Woman, Teacher, Entrepreneur: On Identity Construction in Female Entrepreneurs of Swedish Independent Schools -- Introduction.

The Identity Concept - Definitions and Perspectives -- Empirical Inquiry on Identity : A Narrative Approach -- The Narrative Constructions of Identity -- Independent Schools in Sweden -- Analysis of Identity Construction -- Identity as Entrepreneurs -- Identification with the Teacher Profession -- Gender Identification -- Complexity of Identity Construction: Non-Conflicting Values Goes Hand in Hand with Conflicting Values -- References -- Chapter 10 Impact of Woman-Only Entrepreneurship Training in Islamic Society -- Introduction -- Aims and Objectives -- Islamic Societies and Women's Entrepreneurship -- Theoretical Basis of the Research -- The Social Context of Entrepreneurship and New Venturing -- Women's Entrepreneurship -- Training and Women Entrepreneurs -- Summary -- Methodology -- Results -- Field Survey of Training Needs -- Training Module Design -- Impact of Training Module -- Summary of Results and Discussion -- Implications and New Directions for Research -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11 Comparative Study of Women Small Business Owners in the Americas -- Introduction -- Women Entrepreneurship: Some Figures -- The Variables and Hypothesis of the Study -- Need for Achievement -- Self-Efficacy -- Work Locus of Control -- Social Support and Mentoring -- Culture -- Individualism/Collectivism -- Power Distance -- Uncertainty Avoidance -- Conducting the Comparative Survey -- Participants -- Argentina -- Brazil -- Canada -- United States -- Mexico -- Measures and Analysis -- National Culture Variables -- Personality Variables -- Results -- Discussion -- Study Limitations and Research Recommendations -- Implications for Policy Makers, Educators, and Practitioners -- References -- Authors -- Name Index -- Subject Index.