GIS Based Chemical Fate Modeling : Principles and Applications.
Title:
GIS Based Chemical Fate Modeling : Principles and Applications.
Author:
Pistocchi, Alberto.
ISBN:
9781118523704
Personal Author:
Edition:
1st ed.
Physical Description:
1 online resource (506 pages)
Contents:
Cover -- Title Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Contributors -- Chapter 1 Chemicals, Models, and GIS: Introduction -- 1-1 Chemistry, Modeling, and Geography -- 1-2 Mr. Palomar and Models -- 1-3 What Makes a Model Different? -- 1-4 Simple, Complex, or Tiered? -- Compatibility of Emissions and Concentrations -- Spatiotemporal Variability -- Spatial Patterns -- More Complex Models and the Tale of Horatii and Curiatii -- 1-5 For Whom is this Book Written? -- References -- Chapter 2 Basics of Chemical Compartment Models and Their Implementation with GIS Functions -- 2-1 Introduction -- 2-2 Phase Partitioning -- Air Compartment -- Surface Water Compartment -- Soil Compartment -- 2-3 Diffusion, Dispersion, and Advection -- 2-4 Fluxes at the Interfaces -- Air-Ground Surface Interface -- Water-Air and Water-Bottom Sediment Interface -- Soil-Air and Soil-Water Interface -- Parameterization of Advection Velocities and Diffusion/Dispersion Rates -- 2-5 Reactions -- 2-6 Transport Within an Environmental Medium: The Advection-Diffusion Equation (ADE) -- Soils -- Surface Water -- Atmosphere -- 2-7 Analytical Solutions -- Example: The Domenico Model -- Example: Implementation of a River Plug Flow Model in a Spreadsheet -- 2-8 Box Models, Multimedia and Multispecies Fate and Transport -- Example: Implementing a Box Model of Soil Contamination and Water Pollution Loading in a Spreadsheet -- 2-9 Spatial Models: Implicit, Explicit, Detailed Explicit, and GIS-Based Schemes -- References -- Chapter 3 Basics of GIS Operations -- 3-1 What is GIS? -- 3-2 GIS Data -- Coordinate Systems -- Example: Coordinate Transformation -- Example: Georeference a Map from a Paper Using ArcGIS -- GIS Formats -- 3-3 GIS Software -- 3-4 GIS Standards.
Exercise: Browse and Export Geographic Objects in KML and Combine Them with Layers from a WMS -- 3-5 A Classification of GIS Operations for Chemical Fate Modeling -- 3-6 Spatial Thinking -- 3-7 Beyond GIS -- 3-8 Further Progress on GIS -- References -- Chapter 4 Map Algebra -- 4-1 Map Algebra Operators and Syntaxes -- 4-2 Using Map Algebra to Compute a Gaussian Plume -- Example: Using Map Algebra to Compute Volatilization Rates from Water Bodies -- 4-3 Using Map Algebra to Implement Isolated Box Models -- References -- Chapter 5 Distance Calculations -- 5-1 Concepts of Distance Calculations -- Example: Feature Buffering -- Example: Join Based on Distance -- 5-2 Distance Along a Surface and Vertical Distance -- 5-3 Applications of Euclidean Distance in Pollution Problems -- 5-4 Cost Distance -- Exercise: Euclidean and Cost distance Calculations -- References -- Chapter 6 Spatial Statistics and Neighborhood Modeling in GIS -- 6-1 Variograms: Analyzing Spatial Patterns -- Exercise: Computing Variograms of Observed Atmospheric Contaminants -- 6-2 Interpolation -- 6-3 Zonal Statistics -- 6-4 Neighborhood Statistics and Filters -- Exercise: Creating a Population Map from Point and Polygon Data -- References -- Chapter 7 Digital Elevation Models, Topographic Controls, and Hydrologic Modeling in GIS -- 7-1 Basic Surface Analysis -- 7-2 Drainage -- Example: Pit Filling, Flow Direction, Flow Accumulation, and Flow Length in ArcGIS -- Example: Catchment Population in India -- Example: Travel Time -- 7-3 Using GIS Hydrological Functions in Chemical Fate and Transport Modeling -- 7-4 Non-D8 Methods and the TauDEM Algorithms -- 7-5 ESRI's ``Darcy Flow'' and ``Porous Puff'' Functions -- References -- Chapter 8 Elements of Dynamic Modeling in GIS -- 8-1 Dynamic GIS Models.
8-2 Studying Time-Dependent Effects With Simple Map Algebra -- Intermittent Emissions -- Lagged Release from Historical Stockpiles -- Stepwise Constant Emission and Removal Processes -- 8-3 Decoupling Spatial and Temporal Aspects of Models: The Mappe Global Approach -- References -- Chapter 9 Metamodeling and Source-Receptor Relationship Modeling in GIS -- 9-1 Introduction -- 9-2 Metamodeling -- 9-3 Source-Receptor Relationships -- References -- Chapter 10 Spatial Data Management in GIS and the Coupling of GIS and Environmental Models -- 10-1 Introduction -- 10-2 Historical Perspective of Emergence of Spatial Databases in Environmental Domain -- 10-3 Spatial Data Management in GIS: Theory and History -- Spatial Database Definition -- Relational Data Model Foundations -- Object Relational Concepts: A Foundation Model for Spatial Databases-Theoretical Background -- PostgreSQL/PostGIS Object Relational Support -- Oracle Object Relational Support -- 10-4 Spatial Database Solutions -- ESRI Geodatabase -- PostgreSQL and PostGIS -- Oracle Locator and Spatial -- 10-5 Simple Environmental Spatiotemporal Database Skeleton and GIS: Hands-On Examples -- Simple PostgreSQL/PostGIS Environmental Spatiotemporal Database Skeleton and QuantumGIS -- Simple Oracle XE Environmental Spatiotemporal Database Skeleton -- 10-6 Generalized Environmental Spatiotemporal Database Skeleton and Geographic Mashups -- Spatiotemporal Database Skeleton -- Geographic Mashup -- References -- Chapter 11 Soft Computing Methods for the Overlaying of Chemical Data with Other Spatially Varying Parameters -- 11-1 Introduction -- 11-2 Fuzzy Logic and Expert Judgment -- 11-3 Spatial Multicriteria Analysis -- 11-4 An Example of Vulnerability Mapping of Water Resources to Pollution -- References.
Chapter 12 Types of Data Required for Chemical Fate Modeling -- 12-1 Climate and Atmospheric Data -- 12-2 Soil Data -- 12-3 Impervious Surface Area -- 12-4 Vegetation -- 12-5 Hydrological Data -- 12-6 Elevation Data -- 12-7 Hydrography -- 12-8 Lakes -- 12-9 Stream Network Hydraulic Data -- 12-10 Ocean Parameters -- 12-11 Human Activity -- Land Use/Land Cover -- Population -- Stable Lights at Night -- 12-12 Using Satellite Images for the Extraction of Environmental Parameters -- 12-13 Compilations of Data for Chemical Fate and Transport Modeling -- References -- Chapter 13 Retrieval and Analysis of Emission Data -- 13-1 Characterization of Emissions -- 13-2 Emissions based on Production Volumes -- 13-3 Estimation from Usage or Release Inventories -- 13-4 Emission Factors -- 13-5 Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Emissions -- Diffuse Emissions at Local to Regional Scale -- Example: Estimating Urban Runoff Contaminants from Land Use and Population Data in the Province of Naples, Italy -- Exercise: Apportionment of Emissions Using a Geographic Pattern -- 13-6 Modeling Traffic Flows -- References -- Chapter 14 Characterization of Environmental Properties and Processes -- 14-1 Physicochemical Properties and Partition Coefficients -- 14-2 Aerosol and Suspended Sediments -- Exercise: Computing SPM in Rivers Using the Formula of Hakanson and Co-workers -- 14-3 Diffusive Processes -- 14-4 Dispersion -- 14-5 Advective Processes -- Atmospheric Deposition -- Soil Water Budget Calculations -- Soil Erosion -- 14-6 River and Lake Hydraulic Geometry -- References -- Chapter 15 Complex Models, GIS, and Data Assimilation -- 15-1 Atmospheric Transport Models -- Example: Dispersion Modeling of an Atmospheric Emission in Australia -- 15-2 Transport in Groundwater and the Analytic Element Method.
15-3 GIS Functions of Modeling Systems and Data Assimilation -- References -- Chapter 16 The Issue of Monitoring Data and the Evaluation of Spatial Models of Chemical Fate -- 16-1 Existing Monitoring Programs -- 16-2 Distributed Sampling -- 16-3 Methods for the Comparison of Measured and Modeled Concentrations -- Exercise: Comparison of Two PCB Soil Concentration Models -- References -- Chapter 17 From Fate to Exposure and Risk Modeling with GIS -- 17-1 Exposure and Risk for Human Health -- 17-2 Models for the Quantification of Chemical Intake by Humans -- Exercise: Human Exposure, Intake, and Cancer Risk Related to Ingestion of Aboveground Produce Contaminated by Gas and Dust Deposition of 2,3,7,8-TCDD Emitted from an Industrial Emission Source -- 17-3 Ecological and Environmental Risk Assessment -- Exercise: Mapping Patch Area and Ecotones in South America -- 17-4 Data for GIS Based Risk Assessment -- References -- Chapter 18 GIS Based Models in Practice: The Multimedia Assessment of Pollutant Pathways in the Environment (MAPPE) Model -- 18-1 Introduction -- 18-2 Environmental Compartments Considered in the Model -- Atmosphere Compartment -- Soil Compartment -- Inland Water Compartment -- Seawater -- 18-3 Implementation in GIS: Example with Lindane -- Scalar Input Quantities -- Maps Describing Landscape and Climate Parameters -- Air Compartment Calculations -- Soil Compartment Calculations -- Inland Water Compartment Calculations -- Seawater Compartment Calculations -- 18-4 Using the Model For Scenario Assessment -- References -- Chapter 19 Inverse Modeling and Its Application to Water Contaminants -- 19-1 Introduction -- Exercise: Inverse Modeling of Caffeine in Europe -- References.
Chapter 20 Chemical Fate and Transport Indicators and the Modeling of Contamination Patterns.
Abstract:
Explains how GIS enhances the development of chemical fate and transport models Over the past decade, researchers have discovered that geographic information systems (GIS) are not only excellent tools for managing and displaying maps, but also useful in the analysis of chemical fate and transport in the environment. Among its many benefits, GIS facilitates the identification of critical factors that drive chemical fate and transport. Moreover, GIS makes it easier to communicate and explain key model assumptions. Based on the author's firsthand experience in environmental assessment, GIS Based Chemical Fate Modeling explores both GIS and chemical fate and transport modeling fundamentals, creating an interface between the two domains. It then explains how GIS analytical functions enable scientists to develop simple, yet comprehensive spatially explicit chemical fate and transport models that support real-world applications. In addition, the book features: Practical examples of GIS based model calculations that serve as templates for the development of new applications Exercises enabling readers to create their own GIS based models Accompanying website featuring downloadable datasets used in the book's examples and exercises References to the literature, websites, data repositories, and online reports to facilitate further research Coverage of important topics such as spatial decision support systems and multi-criteria analysis as well as ecological and human health risk assessment in a spatial context GIS Based Chemical Fate Modeling makes a unique contribution to the environmental sciences by explaining how GIS analytical functions enhance the development and interpretation of chemical fate and transport models. Environmental scientists should turn to this book to gain a deeper understanding of the role of GIS in describing what happens to
chemicals when they are released into the environment.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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Electronic Access:
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