Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Part I: Moral and Legal Discourse in a Constitutional Democratic State -- Postmetaphysical Approach to Moral Autonomy and the Justification of the Thesis of the Necessary Relations between the Legal and Moral Discourse (Karolina M. Cern & Bartosz Wojciechowski) -- Introduction -- 1. The structure of the issue of discourse theory and its Kantian foundations -- 2. Transcendental-pragmatic / universal-pragmatic justification of discourse ethics -- 2.1. Principium of universalization -- 2.2. The ideal conditions of communication generated by the rules of discourse -- 2.3. The final justification of discourse rules -- 3. Application of discourse ethics -- Conclusions -- Commands and Claims (Marco Antonio Oliveira de Azevedo) -- Introduction -- Acknowledgements -- The Autonomy from Morality as a Moral Claim: On Some Paradoxes of Legal Positivism (Maciej Pichlak) -- Introduction -- 1. Why is the problem of autonomy important? -- 2. The concept of autonomy -- 3. Autonomy, authority and the function of law -- 4. Two points of view on the point of law -- 5. Law and morality: the paradox comes out -- 6. Law and morality: the paradox domesticated? -- Legal Rules, Moral Norms and Arbitrariness (Martin Škop) -- 1. The arbitrariness of rules -- 2. The myth of rules -- 3. The value coherence of moral norms and legal rules -- 4. Recognition -- Between Rationality (Habermas) and Sympathy (Rorty): two Pragmatic Perspectives on Human Rights (Barbara Weber) -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Jürgen Habermas: Towards a Cultivation of Human Rights through Communicative Rationality -- 2.1. Facticity and Value -- 2.2. The Coherence between the Constitutional State and Democracy -- 3. Richard Rorty: Towards a Cultivation of Human Rights through Sympathy -- 3.1. Who or what is a Human? -- 3.2. The Substitution of Sympathy for Reason.

4. Habermas and Rorty in Dialogue about Truth, Justification and Solidarity -- 4.1. Transatlantic Convergences between Phenomenology and the Philosophy of Language -- 4.2. Political Realist versus Idealist Dreamer? -- 5. Rationality and Sympathy between Incompatibility and Complementarity -- Towards a New Theoryof Hard Cases (Sebastian Sykuna & Jerzy Zajadło) -- Citizens of a Lesser God - Religious Minorities and the Legal Discourse of Multi-Cultural Democracies: the Case of Canada (Massimo Leone) -- 1. Global socio-cultural changes and management of public space: reasons for a comparison -- 2. Focus, method, and purposes of the analysis -- 3. Cultural diversity and urban planning in Canada -- 4. 'Making Muslim space' in the Great Toronto Area -- 5. Planning places of worship in the GTA: current procedures and possibilities of improvement -- 6. Common contentious areas -- 7. Conclusions: the Canadian lesson -- Part II: Rights and Citizenship in the Legal Practice -- How Dangerous Can the Sterilized Needle Be? Torture, Terrorism, and the Self-Refutation of the Liberal-Democratic State (Marta Soniewicka) -- Introduction: intellectually dirty hands? -- 1. Torture and terrorism - problem with definitions and applications -- 1.1. Torture -- 1.2. Terrorism -- 1.3. Torture and terrorism - common features -- 2. The ticking time bomb scenario and what is wrong with it -- 2.1. Premises of the scenario - unrealistic realism -- 2.2. Preemptive justice and its discontents -- 2.3. Taking utilitarian argumentation seriously - the problem of the calculation of costs and benefits -- 3. Can it ever be right to do wrong? - life-saving torture and the argument from necessity (Dirty Harry Case) -- Conclusions -- The Moral and Legal Status of Animals: from Perpetrators of Wrongs to Victims of Abuses (Paul Bouissac) -- 1. Introduction: animal classifications.

2. Animal agencies: the legal context -- 3. Animals as moral agencies -- 4. A cultural paradigm shift: animals as non-human persons -- Public Hearing: on the Dangers of Adversarial Participation (Piotr W. Juchacz) -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. On the importance of civic participation -- 1.2. The idea of collaborative participation -- 1.3. The idea of adversarial participation -- 1.4. Public hearing as the institution of public consultations -- 2. The analysis of the second phase of the process of public hearing - public hearings during the parliamentary committee -- 2.1. Three phases of the process of public hearing -- 2.2. The basic principles of the second phase of the public hearing -- 2.3. False hopes? -- 2.4. Reasonable doubts and the real threats -- 2.5. Discourse structure that dominates during the public hearing -- 2.6. Three circles of participation and influence: the lack of equal access for the participants in public hearings to the legislative process -- 2.7. Political Context -- 2.8. Four conditions of an effective public hearing -- 3. Summary - advantages and drawbacks of the public hearing -- Law in/as Literature as an Alternative Humanistic Discourse - The Unavoidable Resistance to Legal Scientific Pragmatism or the Fertile Promise of a Communitas Without Law? (José Manuel Aroso Linhares) -- Legal Certainty and Judicial Discretion in the Statutory Legal Order (Leszek Leszczyński) -- 1. Legal certainty -- 1.1. Concept of legal certainty (in general) -- 1.2. Legal certainty in the implementation of law -- 2. Judicial discretion -- 2.1. The essence and the sources -- 2.2. The legislative approach to discretion -- 2.3. The point of the legislator -- 2.4. Discretion and uniformity of judicial practice -- 3. Judicial discretion and legal certainty -- Confucianism and the Localization of Chinese Political Democracy (Lin Yuchuan).

The Crisis of Confucianism in Modern China -- Examining the Modern Transformation of Confucianism -- The Institutionalization of Confucianism and its Problems -- The Localization of China's Political Democracy -- Influence of Internationalisms on Communicativeness of a Legal Discourse (Agnieszka Choduń) -- Introduction -- 1. Influence on Polish legal terminology -- 2. Universalism or separatism -- APPENDIX -- Legal Rules in the Name of Democracy and Democracy in the Name of Legal Rules: Parallel Deaths of Socrates and Julius Caesar (edited by Romina Amicolo) -- 1. The death of Socrates: legal rules in the name of democracy -- 2. The murder of Julius Caesar: democracy in the name of legal rules -- 3. Parallel convergences between the deaths of Socrates and Julius Caesar -- 4. Legal rules in the name of democracy: Socrates and the crisis of the Athenian democracy -- 5. Socrates appears in front of the Court: the accusations -- 6. Socrates "head of Janus" in the crisis of the Athenian democracy -- 7. The democratic principles: action and discourse in the experience of the polis before Socrates -- 8. The worse evil for Socrates: his renunciation of philosophy and legal rules -- 9. The Socrates' death as the end of the Athenian democracy -- 10. Legal rules talk to Socrates -- 11. Democracy in the name of legal rules: Julius Caesar and the democratic nugde -- 12. Caesar between the republic and the tyranny -- 13. Honors for Caesar: the scene of the Lupercalia -- 14. The Republican defence of Legal Rules: Caesar abusus dominatione iure caesus -- 15. The democratic dictator: the evolution of legal rules in the Caesar's life and Roman politics.