Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Hydrometallurgical Extraction Processes -- 1.1. Overview of hydrometallurgical processes -- 1.2. Leaching processes -- 1.2.1. Basic features -- 1.2.2. Leaching of oxides with acid-base reactions -- 1.2.3. Leaching of sulfides -- 1.2.4. Leaching of metals -- 1.3. Precipitation processes -- 1.3.1. Precipitation of hydroxides and oxides -- 1.3.2. Precipitation of sulfides -- 1.3.3. Production of Cu, Ni and Co metallic powders from salt solutions by reduction with hydrogen -- 1.3.4. Cementation -- 1.4. Solvent extraction -- 1.4.1. Extractants -- 1.4.2. Extraction and stripping isotherms and extractant selectivity -- 1.4.3. Solvent extraction operations in copper hydrometallurgic treatments -- 1.4.4. Cobalt-nickel separation from various leach liquors by solvent extraction -- 1.4.5. Iron extraction from a sulfuric Fe-Zn solution -- 1.4.6. Extraction of gold from hydrochloric solutions -- 1.4.7. Extraction of gallium from Bayer process leach solutions -- 1.5. Hydrometallurgical processing routes of ores, concentrates and residue (flowsheets) -- 1.5.1. The Bayer process: bauxite processing -- 1.5.2. Hydrometallurgical processing routes of zinc ores and electric arc furnace dusts -- 1.5.3. Hydrometallurgical processing routes of copper ores and mattes -- 1.5.4. Processing of nickel laterites, sulfide concentrates and mattes -- 1.6. Bibliography -- Chapter 2. Electrometallurgical Extraction Processes -- 2.1. Overview of electrometallurgical processes -- 2.2. Electrolysis - bases -- 2.2.1. The electrolytic cell -- 2.2.2. Faraday's law -- 2.2.3. The electromotive force (EMF) -- 2.2.4. Electrical energy consumption -- 2.2.5. Decomposition potential of a salt -- 2.2.6. Electrorefining.

2.2.7. Configurations of industrial cells and cell lines -- 2.3. Aqueous electrolysis: bases -- 2.3.1. Electrolytic water decomposition -- 2.3.2. Aqueous salt electrolysis -- 2.3.3. Metal deposit and hydrogen production -- 2.3.4. Electrodeposition of metals - deposit morphologies -- 2.4. Electrowinning of copper -- 2.4.1. Copper chloride electrolysis -- 2.4.2. Copper sulfate electrolysis -- 2.4.3. Electrolytic copper and blister copper electrorefining -- 2.4.4. Electrorefining of copper matte -- 2.5. Electrowinning of nickel -- 2.5.1. Nickel chloride electrolysis -- 2.5.2. Electrorefining of nickel -- 2.5.3. Electrorefining of nickel matte -- 2.6. Electrowinning of zinc -- 2.6.1. Zinc sulfate electrolysis -- 2.6.2. Ammonium chloride zinc electrolysis -- 2.6.3. Sodium zincate electrolysis -- 2.7. Electrorefining of lead -- 2.8. Electrorefining of tin -- 2.9. Cobalt electrowinning -- 2.10. Bibliography -- Chapter 3. Halide Extraction Processes -- 3.1. Overview of the halide extraction processes -- 3.2. Chlorination processes -- 3.2.1. Thermodynamic data -- 3.2.2. Mechanisms and kinetics -- 3.2.3. Carbochlorination of ores -- 3.3. Reduction of halides -- 3.3.1. Hydrogen reduction -- 3.3.2. Metallothermic reduction -- 3.4. Bibliography -- Chapter 4. Reduction of Metal Oxides -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.1.1. Overview of the oxide reduction processes -- 4.1.2. Thermodynamics: basic considerations -- 4.1.3. Mechanisms and kinetics: basic considerations -- 4.2. Solid state oxide reduction by a gaseous reducing agent -- 4.2.1. Industrial operations -- 4.2.2. Thermodynamics -- 4.2.3. Mechanism and kinetics -- 4.2.4. Reduction of iron oxides -- 4.2.5. Reducibility of iron ores -- 4.2.6. Reduction of chromite -- 4.2.7. Reduction of manganese oxides -- 4.2.8. Reduction of ilmenite.

4.2.9. Reduction of tungsten and molybdenum oxides -- 4.3. Solid-state carbothermic reduction -- 4.3.1. Industrial operations -- 4.3.2. Mechanisms -- 4.3.3. Direct reduction: thermodynamics and kinetics -- 4.3.4. Reduction of chromium oxide and chromite -- 4.3.5. Reduction of manganese oxide and manganese ore -- 4.3.6. Indirect reduction: thermodynamics and kinetics -- 4.3.7. Reduction of the iron oxides -- 4.3.8. Reduction of zinc ferrite -- 4.3.9. Carburizing reduction by methane-containing gas -- 4.4. Carbothermic smelting reduction -- 4.4.1. Industrial operations -- 4.4.2. Thermodynamics -- 4.4.3. Mechanisms -- 4.4.4. Reduction of iron oxide -- 4.4.5. Reduction of chromium oxide -- 4.4.6. Reduction of manganese oxide -- 4.4.7. Reduction of manganese ore -- 4.4.8. Production of silicomanganese alloy -- 4.5. Smelting reduction by slag-metal reactions -- 4.5.1. Reaction systems -- 4.5.2. Thermodynamics and kinetics -- 4.5.3. Reduction of iron oxides in reaction system II -- 4.5.4. Reduction of iron oxides in reaction system III -- 4.5.5. Reduction of chromium oxide -- 4.5.6. Reduction of silica -- 4.5.7. Silicomanganese production -- 4.6. Carbothermic reduction of silica and alumina -- 4.6.1. Conversion of silica into silicon carbide -- 4.6.2. Reduction of silica into silicon -- 4.6.3. Reduction of alumina -- 4.7. Metallothermic reductions -- 4.7.1. Silicothermic ferroalloys production -- 4.7.2. Silicothermic reduction of magnesia MgO -- 4.7.3. Calciothermic reduction of titanium oxide -- 4.7.4. Aluminothermic reduction -- 4.8. Bibliography -- Chapter 5. Oxygen Steelmaking -- 5.1. Overview of steel converting and refining operations -- 5.2. Converting and refining reactions -- 5.2.1. Oxidation of hot metal elements by gaseous oxygen -- 5.2.2. Metal-slag reactions.

5.3. Oxidation of hot metal elements by gaseous oxygen -- 5.3.1. Basic considerations -- 5.3.2. Gaseous oxidation of pure iron -- 5.3.3. Oxidation of a Fe-C alloy -- 5.3.4. Oxidation of Fe-C-Si alloys -- 5.3.5. Oxidation processes in hot metal converting industrial operations -- 5.4. "Slag-metal" reactions -- 5.4.1. Overview -- 5.4.2. Oxidation kinetics of the hot metal elements -- 5.4.3. Hot metal desiliconizing and manganese metal-slag partition -- 5.4.4. Decarburization -- 5.4.5. Dephosphorization -- 5.4.6. Thermodynamic modeling of a hot metal-converting operation -- 5.5. Stainless steel making -- 5.6. Ultra-low carbon steel making -- 5.7. Bibliography -- Chapter 6. Sulfide Extraction Processes -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.1.1. Overview of industrial operations -- 6.1.2. Thermodynamic considerations -- 6.2. Oxidation of sulfides (in the solid state) -- 6.2.1. Thermodynamics -- 6.2.2. Mechanism and kinetics -- 6.3. Matte oxidation by gaseous oxygen -- 6.3.1. Copper matte -- 6.3.2. Iron matte -- 6.3.3. Fe-Cu-S matte -- 6.4. Reactions occurring in smelting and converting operations -- 6.4.1. Mechanisms -- 6.4.2. FeS matte/magnetite reactions -- 6.4.3. (Fe-Cu-S)-matte/copper oxide and matte-slag reactions -- 6.4.4. (Fe-Ni-S)-matte/nickel oxide and matte-slag reactions -- 6.4.5. Typical data on Fe-Cu-S and Fe-Ni-S converting matte compositions -- 6.4.6. Thermodynamic modeling of primary converting of a matte -- 6.5. Smelting reduction of a roasted concentrate and primary converting -- 6.6. Secondary converting of Cu2S, Ni3S2 and PbS mattes -- 6.6.1. Copper matte -- 6.6.2. Nickel matte -- 6.6.3. Lead matte -- 6.7. Bibliography -- Chapter 7. Metal Refining Processes -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Steel refining/secondary steelmaking -- 7.2.1. Introduction -- 7.2.2. Secondary steelmaking stations.

7.2.3. Steel deoxidation and inclusion control -- 7.2.4. Desulfurization of hot metal and steel -- 7.2.5. Dehydrogenization and denitrogenization -- 7.3. Aluminum refining -- 7.3.1. Primary aluminum refining -- 7.3.2. Recycled aluminum refining -- 7.4. Copper refining -- 7.5. Lead refining -- 7.5.1. Decoppering -- 7.5.2. Removal of arsenic, antimony and tin -- 7.5.3. Removal of bismuth -- 7.5.4. Removal of silver (Parkes process) -- 7.6. Tin refining -- 7.7. Zinc refining -- 7.8. Titanium and zirconium refining -- 7.9. Nickel refining -- 7.9.1. Carbonylation (transport reaction) -- 7.9.2. Separation by distillation of carbonyl compounds -- 7.9.3. Precipitation of nickel -- 7.10. Bibliography -- List of Symbols -- Index -- Summary of Other Volumes.