Contents -- List of Figures and Tables -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Floods and History -- One: Floods in Ancient Rome: Sources and Topography -- Floods and the Foundation of Rome -- Primary Source Descriptions of Floods in Ancient Rome -- Geographic Extent of Floods Based on Primary Sources -- The Topography of Rome and Floods -- Maps of Hypothetical Floods of Different Magnitudes -- Two: Characteristics of Floods -- Flood Types and Basic Hydrology -- Hydrology of the Tiber and the Tiber Drainage Basin -- Duration of Floods at Rome -- Seasonality of Floods at Rome -- Frequency of Floods at Rome -- Magnitude of Floods at Rome -- Conclusion -- Three: Immediate Effects of Floods -- Introduction and Methodology -- Disruption of the Daily Life of the City -- Destruction of Property -- Collapse of Structures -- Injuries and Drowning -- Cleaning Up after a Flood: Water, Mud, Debris, Corpses -- Four: Delayed Effects of Floods -- Weakened Buildings -- Food Spoilage and Famine -- Disease -- Psychological Trauma -- Recovery and Reconstruction -- Five: Methods of Flood Control -- Drain: The Roman Sewers -- Fill: Attempts to Raise Ground Level -- Divert: Canals and Channel Modification Schemes -- Contain: Roman Embankments -- Administrative Oversight of the Tiber -- Six: Roman Attitudes toward Floods -- Floods and the Urban Fabric of Ancient Rome: Public Buildings -- Floods and the Urban Fabric of Ancient Rome: Housing -- Water and the Gods -- Floods and the Gods: Portents and Divine Anger -- Flood Reports: Context and Causation -- Flood Prevention: Costs and Benefits -- Conclusion: The Romans' Failure to Make Rome Safe from Floods -- Appendix I: List of Major Floods at Rome, 414 BC-AD 2000 -- Appendix II: The Modern Tiber Embankments -- Appendix III: A Note on Hydrological Sources -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G.

H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.