CONTENTS -- Preface -- Overview -- 1. Free Trade Agreements in East Asia -- 1.1. Rapid expansion of FTAs -- 1.2. Characteristics and motives of FTAs in East Asia -- 2. Objectives of the Research Project -- 3. Major Findings -- 3.1. Quality of FTAs -- 3.2. Impacts of FTAs -- 4. Future Research Agenda -- References -- 1. Rules of Origin and Agricultural Trade Liberalisation in Major Free Trade Agreements I. Cheong and J. Cho -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Descriptive Overviews of ROO -- 2.1. Theoretical survey on ROO -- 2.2. Descriptive analysis of ROO in major FTAs -- 2.2.1. ROOs in the US and EU FTAs -- 2.2.2. ROOs in East Asian FTAs -- 3. Empirical Assessment of ROOs -- 3.1. Analysis on index components -- 3.2. Assessment of restrictiveness of ROO -- 3.2.1. Existing studies -- 3.2.2. Restrictiveness of ROO in FTAs by Japan and Korea -- 4. Agricultural Liberalisation in Major FTAs -- 4.1. FTAs by Western countries -- 4.2. FTAs by Japan and Korea -- 4.3. ASEAN-China FTA -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- 2. Services in Free Trade Agreements R. Ochiai, P. Dee and C. Findlay -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Formand Content -- 2.1. Regional characteristics of form -- 2.2. Negative-list versus positive-list approach-Contents -- 2.3. The GATS template versus the NAFTA template -- 3. Domestic Regulation -- 4. Market Access and National Treatment -- 5. Comparison Between Bilateral and Multiple Member Agreements -- 6. Rules of Origin -- 7. Overall Evaluation on Liberalisation -- 8. Summary -- Appendix -- References -- 3. Analysis of the Restrictions on Foreign Direct Investment in Free Trade Agreements S. Urata and J. Sasuya -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Degrees of restrictions -- 3.2. Assessment by country -- 3.3. Types of restrictive measures -- 3.4. Restrictions on different sectors -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- Appendix.

References -- 4. A Comparison of the Safeguard Mechanisms of Free Trade Agreements A. Kotera and T. Kitamura -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Bilateral and Regional Safeguard Mechanisms -- 2.1. The basic idea and structure of safeguard mechanisms -- 2.2. The intrinsic nature of bilateral and regional safeguard mechanisms -- 2.3. Analysis and evaluation of the selected safeguard mechanisms -- 2.3.1. Indicators for analysis and their descriptions -- 2.4. Analysis of the selected bilateral and regional safeguard mechanisms -- 2.4.1. NAFTA -- 2.4.2. EFTA -- 2.4.3. AFTA -- 2.4.4. EC-Mexico -- 2.4.5. Australia-New Zealand -- 2.4.6. US-Singapore -- 2.4.7. US-Australia -- 2.4.8. Japan-Mexico -- 2.4.9. Japan-Singapore -- 2.4.10. Korea-Chile -- 2.4.11. Korea-Singapore -- 2.4.12. China-ASEAN -- 3. Classification of the Selected Bilateral and Regional Safeguard Mechanisms -- 3.1. No general safeguard type -- 3.2. Quasi-global safeguard type -- 3.2.1. WTO type -- 3.2.2. GATT type -- 3.2.3. NAFTA type -- 3.2.4. European type -- 4. Final Remarks -- Appendix -- References -- 5. Assessing the Economic Impacts of Free Trade Agreements: A Computable Equilibrium Model Approach K. Abe -- 1. The Theoretical Framework and the Simulation Model Adopted -- 1.1. Surveys on the impacts of an FTA -- 1.1.1. Welfare decomposition of efficiency improvement -- 1.2. Location effects and regional disparity -- 1.3. Other dynamic effects of an FTA on economic growth and welfare -- 1.4. Framework of the adopted simulation model -- 1.4.1. Computable equilibrium models and their advantage -- 1.5. Accumulation effect measured by a CGE model -- 1.6. The global trade analysis project model -- 1.7. The plan for simulations in this paper -- 2. The Simulations of Japan's Existing and Future Bilateral FTAs -- 2.1. Trade and tariff structures of the three countries of Japan's existing FTAs.

2.2. Details of simulations and technical assumptions -- 2.3. Macroeconomic impacts -- 2.4. Impacts on sectors -- 3. Simulations of the Future Scenarios of Japan's FTAs -- 3.1. Static simulation -- 3.2. Results of static simulation -- 3.3. Dynamic simulations: Model structures and assumptions -- 3.4. Results of dynamic simulation: Baseline scenario -- 3.5. Alternative scenarios: Expediting formation of Japan's FTAs -- 3.6. Alternative scenarios: An FTA with the United States and liberalising agriculture -- 4. Implications of the Study and Remaining Research Issues -- 4.1. Implications of the study -- 4.2. Remaining research issues -- Appendix 1: Simpli.ed Framework for Welfare Analysis -- Appendix 2: Baldwin Dynamic Specification -- Appendix 3: Sector and Region Aggregation -- References -- 6. The Impacts of Free Trade Agreements on Trade Flows: An Application of the Gravity Model Approach S. Urata and M. Okabe -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Intra-FTA Trade Dependency for Selected FTAs -- 3. The Impacts of FTAs on Bilateral Trade Flows: An Application of the Gravity Model -- 3.1. Brief survey of the literature -- 3.2. The model and the estimated results -- 3.2.1. Analysis of general FTA effects -- 3.2.2. Analysis of trade creation and trade diversion effects -- 3.2.3. Analysis of selected products -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- Appendix: Description of the Data -- References -- 7. On the Use of Free Trade Agreements by Japanese Firms K. Takahashi and S. Urata -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Use of FTAs by Japanese Firms: Survey Results -- 2.1. Questionnaire -- 2.2. Utilisation rate of FTAs -- 2.3. Reasons for low utilisation rate -- 2.4. Impacts of FTAs on Japanese companies -- 2.5. Attractive FTA partners -- 3. Determinants of the Use of FTAs: An Application of the Probit Model -- 4. Concluding Remarks -- Appendix: Characteristics of Questionnaire Respondents.

References -- 8. Impacts of Japanese FTAs/EPAs: Preliminary Post Evaluation M. Ando -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Trade and FDI with EPA Partners -- 2.1. Overview -- 2.2. Sectoral issues in Japanese trade with Mexico -- 2.2.1. Japanese exports to Mexico -- 2.2.2. Japanese imports from Mexico -- 2.3. Gravity model estimation of Japanese trade -- 3. Effects of the Japan-Mexico EPA Beyond Trade Liberalisation -- 3.1. Business environment -- 3.2. Government procurement -- 3.3. Logistics -- 4. Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- Index.