FRONT COVER -- NONTARIFF MEASURES WITH MARKET IMPERFECTIONS: TRADE AND WELFARE IMPLICATIONS -- COPYRIGHT PAGE -- ABOUT THE SERIES: FRONTIERS OF ECONOMICS AND GLOBALIZATION -- ABOUT THE EDITOR -- LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS -- CONTENTS -- PART I: INTRODUCTION AND MAIN FINDINGS -- INTRODUCTION AND MAIN FINDINGS -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Summary and key findings -- References -- PART II: CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS -- 1 A COST-BENEFIT APPROACH FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF NONTARIFF MEASURES IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Market failures and imperfections -- 2.1 Market failures affecting consumers -- 2.2 Market failures affecting producers -- 3 Cost-benefit framework: a modular approach -- 3.1 Prohibitive standard -- 3.2 Free Trade -- 3.3 Free trade with a mandatory label -- 4 Recent advances in measuring valuation of consumption market failures -- 5 Toward implementation of the framework -- 5.1 Parameterization and data sources -- 5.2 An illustration: labeling of fish products -- 6 Concluding discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 THE ECONOMICS AND POTENTIAL PROTECTIONISM OF FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS AND INSPECTIONS: AN APPLICATION TO THE U.S. SHRIMP MARKET -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related literature -- 3 Background on seafood inspections by the FDA -- 4 Externality and health cost -- 5 Cost of HACCP implementation for foreign and domestic producers -- 6 A simple conceptual model -- 7 The shrimp application -- 8 How to finance inspections? -- 9 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 HOW TO PROMOTE QUALITY PERCEPTION: BRAND ADVERTISING OR GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION? -- 1 The model -- 2 The producers' choices -- 3 Extensions -- 4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix A: The frontiers determination and proof of propositions -- Appendix B -- References -- 4 TRANSPARENCY IN NONTARIFF MEASURES: EFFECTS ON AGRICULTURAL TRADE.

1 Introduction -- 2 Literature review -- 2.1 Transparency and institutions -- 2.2 Transparency and search costs -- 2.3 Transparency and trade relations -- 3 Taxonomy of transparency in trade -- 3.1 Publication of information: availability, accessibility and inferability -- 3.2 Participation in decision-making: openness, inclusiveness and influence -- 3.3 Predictability: review and appeal, enforcement of rules and cooperation -- 3.4 Fighting corruption and bribery -- 4 Regional agreements vehicles for promoting transparency in NTMs -- 4.1 Preferential or MFN? Antispaghetti bowl effects of transparency disciplines -- 4.2 More than lip service: enforceability of WTO-plus transparency commitments in RTAs -- 5 Empirical impact of transparency commitments in RTAs -- 5.1 Description of data -- 5.2 Specification and estimation -- 5.3 Results and discussion -- 6 Concluding remarks and future research -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 CHOOSING THE BEST MODEL IN THE PRESENCE OF ZERO TRADE: A FISH PRODUCT ANALYSIS -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Conventional OLS and zero-accounting models of the gravity equation -- 2.1 Anderson and van Wincoop's gravity model -- 2.2 The Heckman specification -- 2.3 Poisson family regressions -- 3 Empirical model specification and data sources -- 4 Estimated results and discussions -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- PART III: CASE STUDIES -- 6 INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF MRL STANDARDS' SIMILARITY ON TRADE -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Similarity Index -- 3 Analytical Framework -- 4 Empirical Analysis -- 4.1 Parameter Estimation -- 4.2 Welfare Analysis -- 5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 7 THE ROLE OF EU HARMONIZATION IN EXPLAINING THE EXPORT-PRODUCTIVITY PREMIUM OF FOOD PROCESSING FIRMS -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related literature -- 3 Data -- 3.1 Summary statistics -- 4 Empirical implementation.

4.1 EU harmonization and the export decision -- 4.2 EU harmonization and the export-productivity premium -- 5 Results -- 5.1 Decision to export -- 5.2 Export premium -- 5.3 Sensitivity other forms of export and productivity -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- 8 PRIVATE FOOD STANDARDS AND FIRM-LEVEL TRADE EFFECTS: A DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE PERUVIAN ASPARAGUS EXPORT SECTOR -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data -- 3 The Peruvian asparagus export sector -- 3.1 Increasing exports -- 3.2 Increasing private standards -- 3.3 Company heterogeneity -- 4 Econometric analysis of trade effects -- 4.1 Model specification -- 4.2 Estimation technique -- 5 Results and discussion -- 5.1 Robustness check -- 6 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 TRADE EFFECTS OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC EUROPEAN FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS ON HORTICULTURAL IMPORTS FROM KENYA -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tariff equivalence of NTMs and the gravity model -- 2.1 Measurement of NTMs -- 2.2 The general specification of the gravity model -- 2.3 The econometric specification of the gravity model -- 3 Data description -- 4 Empirical results and discussion -- 5 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix -- A.1 Variable description -- A.2 Preliminary data analysis -- A.3 Specification of the fixed- and random-effect models -- References -- 10 STRINGENT MAXIMUM RESIDUE LIMITS, PROTECTIONISM, AND COMPETITIVENESS: THE CASES OF THE US AND CANADA -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Data and methodology -- 2.1 Data and the scores of excessive MRLs -- 2.2 Empirical strategy -- 3 Results and discussions -- 3.1 Diagnostic analysis and robustness checks -- 4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11 THE PARTICIPATION OF SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN HIGH-VALUE EXPORT MARKETS GOVERNED BY STANDARDS: THE ROLE OF EXPORTER PROCUREMENT PRACTICES -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Conceptual framework.

3 Econometric model of smallholder sourcing -- 4 Data and variables -- 5 Empirical results -- 5.1 Determinants of the incidence of smallholder procurement -- 5.2 Determinants of the intensity of smallholder procurement -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- 12 MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF ACCREDITATION: DOES IT MATTER TO TRADE? EVIDENCE FROM THE FOOD, BEVERAGE, AND TOBACCO INDUSTRY -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Standardization, certification, and accreditation in the food processing industry -- 2.1 Standardization, certification, and accreditation -- 2.2 ISO 9000 certifications in the food processing industry -- 3 Econometric model -- 3.1 Summary statistics -- 3.2 Econometric strategy -- 4 Results -- 5 Conclusion -- Appendix -- References.