Front Cover -- Genetics, Health and Society -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Editorial Advisory Board -- List of Contributors -- The Sociology of, in, and with Genetics: The Role of Medical Sociology in the Era of "-omics" -- Contributions of Sociology of Genetics -- Contributions of Sociology in Genetics -- Toward Sociology with Genetics -- Genetics, Health and Society -- References -- Part I: Critical Perspectives on Genetics as Usual -- Heritability Studies: Methodological Flaws, Invalidated Dogmas, and Changing Paradigms -- Heritability Concept -- Heritability Studies -- The Twin Study (Twins-Reared-Together) -- Introduction to and Fundamentals of Twin Studies -- Some Methodological Limitations of Twin Studies -- Equal Environments Assumption (#1) -- Genetic Additivity Assumption (#2) -- Nonblind Diagnosis (#3) -- Separate, Identifiable Contributions of Genes, and Environments (#4) -- Additional Technical Issues -- Confidence Intervals and Model Fitting -- Phenotype Specification -- Summarizing Technical/Statistical Limitations -- Postgenomic Challenges to Heritability Studies -- Epigenetics -- Additional Germs for Thought: What about Microbes? -- Even If We Could: Heritability Estimates Lack Utility -- Cutting-Edge Techniques Meet Outdated Nature versus Nurture Dichotomy -- Biometrical Moderation Models -- Genome-Wide Complex Trait Analysis -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Acknowledgments -- References -- All Marked-Up in the Genetic Era: Race and Ethnicity as "Floating Signifiers" in Genetic and Genomic Research -- Introduction -- Race as a Floating Signifier -- Biological and Population Markers -- Methodological Considerations of Race/Ethnicity in Genetic Studies -- Methods Section -- Results -- Discussion -- Notes -- References -- Genetic Approaches to Health Disparities -- Genetic Approaches to Race.

From Genetic Differences to Genetic Disparities -- Public Health Investments -- The Role of Race-Based Medicine -- Next Generation Disparities Research -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Toward a Sociology with Genetics -- Making a Case for Genetics: Interdisciplinary Visions and Practices in the Contemporary Social Sciences -- Introduction -- Hybrid Visions: Genoeconomics, Genopolitics, and Sociogenomics -- Genoeconomics -- Genopolitics -- Sociogenomics -- Theorizing the Social Environment in Gene-Environment Interaction -- Environments are Institutions -- Neighborhoods, Families, and Schools -- Nations, States, and Cultures -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Researching Genes, Behavior, and Society to Improve Population Health: A Primer in Complex Adaptive Systems as an Integrati... -- Introduction -- Fundamental Notions -- Linearity -- Linear versus Complexity Approaches to Science -- Complex Adaptive Systems -- Definition and Characteristics -- Principles Governing CASs -- Time Affects the Behavior of CASs -- Feedback and Externalities Shape CASs -- The Detailed Behavior of CASs Cannot Easily Be Predicted or Controlled -- Order Underlies What Appears Disordered or Chaotic in a CAS -- Methodological Strategies -- System Dynamics -- Network Analysis -- Agent-Based Modeling -- Merging Quantitative, Qualitative, and Participatory Methodologies -- Addressing the Question: Specifically, How Can a Dynamic Systems Approach Be Helpful for Integrating Research on Genes, Beh... -- Current Initiatives -- Integrating Research on Genes, Behavior, and Social Structures: Examples -- Concluding Remarks -- Notes -- References -- Sociology in an Age of Genomic Instability: Copy Number Variation, Somatic Mosaicism, and the Fallen Genome -- Introduction -- Methods -- Repetition with Difference: Copy Number Variation.

Copy Number Variation, Instability, and Human Disease -- CNVs in Neurodevelopmental Disorders -- Somatic Mosaicism: Genomes in Time -- Time and Environment Come to the Genome -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Natural Symptoms? The Intersection of Social, Biological, and Genetic Determinants of Depression in Later Life -- Background -- Mental Health and Physical Health -- Genetic Influences in Later Life Depression -- Fundamental Causes in Later Life -- Research Questions -- Data -- Measure of Depression -- Other Variables -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Limitations and Caveats -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Appendix: Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) -- Part III: Genetic Complexity in Medical Ethics and Practice -- Frames of Reference: Marketing the Practice and Ethics of PGD on Fertility Clinic Websites -- Introduction -- Expansion of PGD -- Marketing PGD to Consumers -- Analysis of Website Discourse about PGD -- Sample -- Frame Analysis -- Procedure -- PGD as Promise of Normality -- Constructing the Normal Embryo -- Attaining a Normal Baby -- Following Normal Procedures -- Implications -- PGD as Risk Management -- Managing Disease Prevalence -- Managing Risk Factors -- Managing Procedural Risks -- Implications -- PGD as Technological Progress -- Embracing Progress -- Providing Expertise -- Overcoming Limitations -- Implications -- Conclusions -- References -- The Right to Know or Not to Know: Risk Notification and Genetic Counselling -- Introduction: Familial Cancer and the Identification of People 'at Risk' -- Risk Communication and Notification -- Practices and Policies in Genetic Risk Notification -- Right to Know or Not to Know: Choosing Not to Know -- Being 'at Risk': What is 'Known'? -- The Ability to Know -- Implicating the Family in Knowing Risk.

Knowing Who Your Family Is: Risk Notification and Relatedness -- Conclusion -- References -- Using Public-Private Partnerships to Mitigate Disparities in Access to Genetic Services: Lessons from Wisconsin -- Introduction -- Background -- State Health Agencies: Planning and Integration of Comprehensive Health Services -- Data and Methods -- The Setting -- Data Collection and Analysis -- Results -- Outreach Clinics: Services Provided and Utilization Trends -- Geographic Distribution of Clinics -- Motivations for Locating Outreach Clinics -- Clinic Locations: Serving Vulnerable Communities -- Economic Drivers in Outreach Clinic Activities -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References.