Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Why This Book? -- 1.2 Geotechnical Engineering -- 1.3 The Past and the Future -- 1.4 Some Recent and Notable Projects -- 1.5 Failures may Occur -- 1.6 Our Work is Buried -- 1.7 Geotechnical Engineering can be Fun -- 1.8 Units -- Problems -- Problems and Solutions -- Chapter 2 Engineering Geology -- 2.1 Definition -- 2.2 The Earth -- 2.3 Geologic Time -- 2.4 Rocks -- 2.5 Soils -- 2.6 Geologic Features -- 2.7 Geologic Maps -- 2.8 Groundwater -- Problems -- Problems and Solutions -- Chapter 3 Soil Components and Weight-Volume Parameters -- 3.1 Particles, Liquid, and Gas -- 3.2 Particle Size, Shape, and Color -- 3.3 Composition of Gravel, Sand, and Silt Particles -- 3.4 Composition of Clay and Silt Particles -- 3.5 Particle Behavior -- 3.6 Soil Structure -- 3.7 Three-Phase Diagram -- 3.8 Weight-Volume Parameters -- 3.9 Measurement of the Weight-Volume Parameters -- 3.10 Solving a Weight-Volume Problem -- Problems -- Problems and Solutions -- Chapter 4 Soil Classification -- 4.1 Sieve Analysis -- 4.2 Hydrometer Analysis -- 4.3 Atterberg Limits and Other Limits -- 4.4 Classification Parameters -- 4.5 Engineering Significance of Classification Parameters and Plasticity Chart -- 4.6 Unified Soil Classification System -- Problems -- Problems and Solutions -- Chapter 5 Rocks -- 5.1 Rock Groups and Identification -- 5.2 Rock Mass vs. Rock Substance -- 5.3 Rock Discontinuities -- 5.4 Rock Index Properties -- 5.5 Rock Engineering Properties -- 5.6 Rock Mass Rating -- 5.7 Rock Engineering Problems -- 5.8 Permafrost -- Problems -- Problems and Solutions -- Chapter 6 Site Investigation, Drilling, and Sampling -- 6.1 General -- 6.2 Preliminary Site Investigation.

6.3 Number and Depth of Borings and In Situ Tests -- 6.4 Drilling -- 6.4.1 Wet Rotary Drilling Method -- 6.4.2 Hollow Stem Auger Drilling Method -- 6.5 Sampling -- 6.5.1 Sample Disturbance -- 6.5.2 Common Sampling Methods -- 6.6 Groundwater Level -- 6.7 Field Identification and Boring Logs -- 6.8 Soil Names -- 6.9 Offshore Site Investigations -- 6.9.1 Offshore Geophysical Investigations -- 6.9.2 Offshore Geotechnical Drilling -- 6.9.3 Offshore Geotechnical Sampling -- Problems -- Problems and Solutions -- Chapter 7 In Situ Tests -- 7.1 Standard Penetration Test -- 7.2 Cone Penetration Test -- 7.3 Pressuremeter Test -- 7.4 Dilatometer Test -- 7.5 Vane Shear Test -- 7.6 Borehole Shear Test -- 7.7 Plate Load Test -- 7.8 California Bearing Ratio Test -- 7.9 Pocket Penetrometer and Torvane Tests -- 7.10 Pocket Erodometer Test -- 7.11 Compaction Control Tests -- 7.11.1 Sand Cone Test -- 7.11.2 Rubber Balloon Test -- 7.11.3 Nuclear Density/Water Content Test -- 7.11.4 Field Oven Test -- 7.11.5 Lightweight Deflectometer Test -- 7.11.6 BCD Test -- 7.12 Hydraulic Conductivity Field Tests -- 7.12.1 Borehole Tests -- 7.12.2 Cone Penetrometer Dissipation Test -- 7.12.3 Sealed Double-Ring Infiltrometer Test -- 7.12.4 Two-Stage Borehole Permeameter Test -- 7.13 Offshore In Situ Tests -- Problems -- Problems and Solutions -- Chapter 8 Elements of Geophysics -- 8.1 General -- 8.2 Seismic Techniques -- 8.2.1 Seismic Waves -- 8.2.2 Seismic Reflection -- 8.2.3 Seismic Refraction -- 8.2.4 Cross Hole Test, Seismic Cone Test, and Seismic Dilatometer Test -- 8.2.5 Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves -- 8.3 Electrical Resistivity Techniques -- 8.3.1 Background on Electricity -- 8.3.2 Resistivity Tomography -- 8.4 Electromagnetic Methods -- 8.4.1 Electromagnetic Waves -- 8.4.2 Ground-Penetrating Radar -- 8.4.3 Time Domain Reflectometry.

8.5 Remote Sensing Techniques -- 8.5.1 LIDAR -- 8.5.2 Satellite Imaging -- Problems -- Problems and Solutions -- Chapter 9 Laboratory Tests -- 9.1 General -- 9.2 Measurements -- 9.2.1 Normal Stress or Pressure -- 9.2.2 Shear Stress -- 9.2.3 Water Compression Stress -- 9.2.4 Water Tension Stress -- 9.2.5 Normal Strain -- 9.2.6 Shear Strain -- 9.2.7 Bender Elements -- 9.3 Compaction Test: Dry Unit Weight -- 9.3.1 Saturated Soils -- 9.3.2 Unsaturated Soils -- 9.4 Compaction Test: Soil Modulus -- 9.4.1 Saturated Soils -- 9.4.2 Unsaturated Soils -- 9.5 Consolidation Test -- 9.5.1 Saturated Soils -- 9.5.2 Unsaturated Soils -- 9.6 Swell Test -- 9.6.1 Saturated Soils -- 9.6.2 Unsaturated Soils -- 9.7 Shrink Test -- 9.7.1 Saturated Soils -- 9.7.2 Unsaturated Soils -- 9.8 Collapse Test -- 9.8.1 Saturated Soils -- 9.8.2 Unsaturated Soils -- 9.9 Direct Shear Test -- 9.9.1 Saturated Soils -- 9.9.2 Unsaturated Soils -- 9.10 Simple Shear Test -- 9.10.1 Saturated Soils -- 9.10.2 Unsaturated Soils -- 9.11 Unconfined Compression Test -- 9.11.1 Saturated Soils -- 9.11.2 Unsaturated Soils -- 9.12 Triaxial Test -- 9.12.1 Saturated Soils -- 9.12.2 Unsaturated Soils -- 9.13 Resonant Column Test -- 9.13.1 Saturated Soils -- 9.13.2 Unsaturated Soils -- 9.14 Lab Vane Test -- 9.14.1 Saturated Soils -- 9.14.2 Unsaturated Soils -- 9.15 Soil Water Retention Curve (Soil Water Characteristic Curve) Test -- 9.15.1 Saturated Soils -- 9.15.2 Unsaturated Soils -- 9.16 Constant Head Permeameter Test -- 9.16.1 Saturated Soils -- 9.16.2 Unsaturated Soils -- 9.17 Falling Head Permeameter Test for Saturated Soils -- 9.18 Wetting Front Test for Unsaturated Soils -- 9.19 Air Permeability Test for Unsaturated Soils -- 9.20 Erosion Test -- 9.20.1 Saturated Soils -- 9.20.2 Unsaturated Soils -- Problems -- Problems and Solutions.

Chapter 10 Stresses, Effective Stress, Water Stress, Air Stress, and Strains -- 10.1 General -- 10.2 Stress Vector, Normal Stress, Shear Stress, and Stress Tensor -- 10.3 Sign Convention for Stresses and Strains -- 10.4 Calculating Stresses on Any Plane: Equilibrium Equations for Two-Dimensional Analysis -- 10.5 Calculating Stresses on Any Plane: Mohr Circle for Two-Dimensional Analysis -- 10.6 Mohr Circle in Three Dimensions -- 10.7 Stress Invariants -- 10.8 Displacements -- 10.9 Normal Strain, Shear Strain, and Strain Tensor -- 10.10 Cylindrical Coordinates and Spherical Coordinates -- 10.11 Stress-Strain Curves -- 10.12 Stresses in the Three Soil Phases -- 10.13 Effective Stress (Unsaturated Soils) -- 10.14 Effective Stress (Saturated Soils) -- 10.15 Area Ratio Factors α and β -- 10.16 Water Stress Profiles -- 10.17 Water Tension and Suction -- 10.17.1 Matric Suction -- 10.17.2 Contractile Skin -- 10.17.3 Osmotic Suction -- 10.17.4 Relationship between Total Suction and Relative Humidity -- 10.17.5 Trees -- 10.18 Precision on Water Content and Water Tension -- 10.19 Stress Profile at Rest in Unsaturated Soils -- 10.20 Soil Water Retention Curve -- 10.21 Independent Stress State Variables -- Problems -- Problems and Solutions -- Chapter 11 Problem-Solving Methods -- 11.1 General -- 11.2 Drawing to Scale as a First Step -- 11.3 Primary Laws -- 11.4 Continuum Mechanics Methods -- 11.4.1 Solving a Failure Problem: Limit Equilibrium, Method of Characteristics, Lower and Upper Bound Theorems -- 11.4.2 Examples of Solving a Failure Problem -- 11.4.3 Solving a Deformation Problem -- 11.4.4 Example of Solving a Deformation Problem -- 11.4.5 Solving a Flow Problem -- 11.4.6 Example of Solving a Flow Problem -- 11.5 Numerical Simulation Methods -- 11.5.1 Finite Difference Method.

11.5.2 Examples of Finite Difference Solutions -- 11.5.3 Finite Element Method -- 11.5.4 Example of Finite Element Solution -- 11.5.5 Boundary Element Method -- 11.5.6 Discrete Element Method -- 11.6 Probability and Risk Analysis -- 11.6.1 Background -- 11.6.2 Procedure for Probability Approach -- 11.6.3 Risk and Acceptable Risk -- 11.6.4 Example of Probability Approach -- 11.7 Regression Analysis -- 11.8 Artificial Neural Network Method -- 11.9 Dimensional Analysis -- 11.9.1 Buckingham Theorem -- 11.9.2 Examples of Dimensional Analysis -- 11.10 Similitude Laws for Experimental Simulations -- 11.10.1 Similitude Laws -- 11.10.2 Example of Similitude Laws Application for a Scaled Model -- 11.10.3 Example of Similitude Laws Application for a Centrifuge Model -- 11.11 Types of Analyses (Drained-Undrained, Effective Stress-Total Stress, Short-Term-Long-Term) -- Problems -- Problems and Solutions -- Chapter 12 Soil Constitutive Models -- 12.1 Elasticity -- 12.1.1 Elastic Model -- 12.1.2 Example of Use of Elastic Model -- 12.2 Linear Viscoelasticity -- 12.2.1 Simple Models: Maxwell and Kelvin-Voigt Models -- 12.2.2 General Linear Viscoelasticity -- 12.3 Plasticity -- 12.3.1 Some Yield Functions and Yield Criteria -- 12.3.2 Example of Use of Yield Criteria -- 12.3.3 Plastic Potential Function and Flow Rule -- 12.3.4 Hardening or Softening Rule -- 12.3.5 Example of Application of Plasticity Method -- 12.4 Common Models -- 12.4.1 Duncan-Chang Hyperbolic Model -- 12.4.2 Modified Cam Clay Model -- 12.4.3 Barcelona Basic Model -- 12.4.4 Water Stress Predictions -- Problems -- Problems and Solutions -- Chapter 13 Flow of Fluid and Gas Through Soils -- 13.1 General -- 13.2 Flow of Water in a Saturated Soil -- 13.2.1 Discharge Velocity, Seepage Velocity, and Conservation of Mass -- 13.2.2 Heads -- 13.2.3 Hydraulic Gradient.

13.2.4 Darcy's Law: The Constitutive Law.