General Part -- Definition of the Sentinel Lymph Node and Basic Principles of Detection -- Main Techniques of Sentinel Lymph Node Labeling -- Different Aspects Dependent on Type and Localization of the Primary -- Basic Strategies in Sentinel Node Detection and Exclusion or Verification of Cancer Metastasis into the Regional Node(s) -- Positron Emission Tomography: Significance for Preoperative N-Staging -- Detection and Radiological Imaging of SLN -- Lymphatic Drainage to the SLN -- Specific Developments in Sentinel Node Labeling Using 99mTc-Colloids -- Experience with and Suggestions for Cancer of Different Types and in Different Sites -- General Techniques in Surgical Investigations -- Radiation-Detecting Systems -- Quality Criteria of Gamma Probes: Requirements and Future Developments -- Statistical Evaluation in Detection of the SLN(s) -- Are the Technical Conditions for SLN Detection Satisfactory? -- Breast Cancer Diagnosis Based on Histopathology and/or Cytopathology Before Sentinel Lymph Node Labeling -- Success of Stereotactic Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Depending on Quality of Sampling -- Use of a Newly Developed Ultrarapid Immunohistochemical Method to Improve Security in Sentinel Node Investigation and Timing in Interdisciplinary Cooperation -- “Micrometastasis” Versus “Microinvolvement” -- Preoperative Axillary Lymph Node Diagnosis Using Ultrasmall Particles of Iron Oxide Combined with MRT -- New Strategies and Devices for Combined Radiological and Histological Cancer Diagnosis — Exclusion or Confirmation -- Special Part The Sentinel Node Concept Related to Main Tumor Types and Subtypes: Applicability in Daily Routine Work -- Breast Cancer -- Thyroid Cancer -- Cancers of the Face, Nose, Pharynx, and Oral Cavity -- Lung Cancer -- Malignant Melanoma -- Esophageal and Gastrointestinal Cancer -- SLN Staging in Carcinoids and Neuroendocrine Tumors -- The Sentinel Node Concept in Cancers of the Female Genitalia -- Cancers of the Male Genitalia -- Prostate Cancer: an Overview -- Cancers of the Urinary Tract -- Closing Remarks -- Therapy Regimens Used in Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Treatment of the Discussed Tumor Types.