Cardiac Nursing -- Table of Contents -- PART I Anatomy and Physiology -- 1 Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology -- GENERAL ANATOMIC DESCRIPTION -- CARDIAC STRUCTURES -- CARDIAC TISSUE -- CORONARY CIRCULATION -- CARDIAC INNERVATION -- MYOCARDIAL CELL STRUCTURE -- MYOCARDIAL CELL ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS -- CARDIAC ACTION POTENTIAL -- SARCOLEMMAL IONIC CURRENTS -- FACTORS MODIFYING ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC FUNCTION -- PROPAGATION OF THE CARDIAC IMPULSE -- MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CARDIAC CELLS -- MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MYOCARDIUM -- MYOCARDIAL METABOLISM -- PHYSIOLOGY OF THE CORONARY CIRCULATION -- THE CARDIAC CYCLE -- 2 Systemic Circulation -- STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VASCULATURE AND LYMPHATICS -- LOCAL REGULATION -- NEUROHUMORAL STIMULATION -- CALCIUM -- VOLUME AND FLOW DISTRIBUTION -- THE ARTERIAL SYSTEM -- THE VENOUS SYSTEM -- MICROCIRCULATORY EXCHANGE -- THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM -- 3 Pulmonary Circulation and Gas Transport -- STRUCTURAL/ANATOMIC -- PHYSIOLOGY -- GAS TRANSPORT -- OXYGEN DELIVERY, CONSUMPTION, EXTRACTION AND CARDIAC OUTPUT -- OXYGEN CONSUMPTIONDELIVERY RELATIONSHIP -- MONITORING OXYGENATION Arterial Blood Gas -- 4 Regulation of Cardiac Output and Blood Pressure -- AFFERENT INPUT AND RECEPTOR -- CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM REGULATION -- AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM REGULATION -- SYSTEMIC HORMONES -- HEART RATE -- INTRINSIC CARDIAC CONTROL -- EXTRINSIC CONTROL: PERICARDIAL LIMITATION -- LONG-TERM CONTROL OF BLOOD PRESSURE -- LOCAL REGULATION OF SYSTEMIC MICROVASCULAR BEDS -- VENOUS SYSTEM -- MODELS OF CARDIAC PERFORMANCE -- ADDITIONAL EFFECTS OF RESPIRATION -- OVERALL CONTROL -- PART II Physiologic and Pathologic Responses -- 5 Genetics -- DNA -- DNA AND HUMAN DIVERSITY -- GENETIC VARIATION -- GENE TESTING -- THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT -- PHARMACOGENOMICS -- BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF GENETIC DISEASE -- OVERVIEW: HEART DISEASE.

THE GENETICS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE -- EVIDENCE FOR A GENETIC BASIS OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE -- DIAGNOSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT: APPLICATION OF GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY INFORMATION IN THE PREVENTION OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE -- ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS -- SUMMARY -- 6 INFLAMMATION -- INTRODUCTION -- OVERVIEW OF THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE -- BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE -- CIRCULATING ADHESION MOLECULES -- FIBRINOGEN -- HIGH SENSITIVITY C-REACTIVE PROTEIN -- HOMOCYSTEINE -- INTERLEUKIN 6 -- SERUM AMYLOID A -- TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA -- VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR -- CONCLUSION -- 7 Atherosclerosis -- AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION LESION CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM -- CELLS AND EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX OF LESIONS -- VASCULAR SURFACE DEFECTS AND HEMATOMA -- LESION TYPES AND MORPHOLOGY: CORRELATION WITH CLINICAL SYNDROMES -- CONCLUSION -- 8 Hematopoiesis, Coagulation, and Bleeding -- HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS -- HEMOSTASIS -- COAGULATION-INFLAMMATION LINK -- BLEEDING DISORDERS -- CLOTTING DISORDERS -- 9 Fluid and Electrolyte Balance and Imbalances -- PRINCIPLES OF FLUID BALANCE -- EXTRACELLULAR FLUID VOLUME BALANCE -- OSMOLALITY BALANCE -- PRINCIPLES OF ELECTROLYTE BALANCE -- ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES -- SUMMARY -- 10 Acid-Base Balance and Imbalances -- PRINCIPLES OF ACID-BASE BALANCE -- ACID-BASE IMBALANCES -- SUMMARY -- 11 SLEEP -- NORMAL SLEEP -- THE REGULATION OF SLEEPING AND WAKING -- PHYSIOLOGY DURING SLEEP -- IMPAIRED SLEEP, SLEEP DISORDERS, AND EXCESSIVE DAYTIME SLEEPINESS -- SLEEP IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE -- CARDIAC EVENTS IN SLEEP -- SLEEP-RELATED DISORDERED BREATHING -- SLEEP-RELATED ADVERSE OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE -- NURSING MANAGEMENT -- THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS' SLEEP -- SUMMARY -- 12 Physiologic Adaptations With Aging -- GENERAL PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES -- CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES -- RESPIRATORY CHANGES.

RENAL CHANGES -- HEPATIC CHANGES -- EFFECTS OF AGING ON PHARMACOKINETICS -- SUMMARY -- PART III Assessment of Heart Disease -- 13 History Taking and Physical Examination -- CARDIOVASCULAR HISTORY -- PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT -- 14 LABORATORY TESTS USING BLOOD -- BLOOD SPECIMEN COLLECTION -- CARDIAC MARKERS -- BLOOD LIPIDS -- ADDITIONAL LABORATORY TESTS ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIAC DISEASE -- HEMATOLOGIC STUDIES -- BLOOD CULTURES -- COAGULATION STUDIES -- ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES -- BLOOD CHEMISTRIES -- SELECTED CHEMISTRIES -- SERUM CONCENTRATION OF SELECTED DRUGS -- 15 Radiologic Examination of the Chest -- HOW X-RAYS WORK -- INTERPRETATION OF CHEST RADIOGRAPHS -- CHEST FILM FINDINGS IN ACUTE CARE DETERMINING LINE, TUBE, AND CATHETER PLACEMENT -- CHEST FILM FINDINGS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE -- 16 Echocardiography -- TECHNICAL ASPECTS -- SPECIAL TECHNIQUES -- ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY OF CARDIAC STRUCTURES IN HEALTH AND DISEASE -- NEWER TECHNIQUES -- CONCLUSION -- 17 Nuclear and Other Imaging Studies -- NUCLEAR STUDIES OF THE HEART -- 18 Electrocardiography -- ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION THROUGH THE HEART -- BASIC ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY -- THE 12-LEAD ELECTROCARDIOGRAM -- AXIS DETERMINATION -- INTRAVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION ABNORMALITIES -- ISCHEMIA, INJURY, AND INFARCTION -- ATRIAL AND VENTRICULAR ENLARGEMENT -- ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES -- WELLENS SYNDROME -- BRUGADA SYNDROME -- 19 Arrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances -- MECHANISMS OF ARRHYTHMIAS -- BASIC ARRHYTHMIAS AND CONDUCTION DISTURBANCES -- COMPLEX ARRHYTHMIAS AND CONDUCTION DISTURBANCES -- 20 Cardiac Electrophysiology Procedures -- DIAGNOSTIC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY STUDIES -- INTERVENTIONAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY AND CATHETER ABLATION -- NURSING CARE OF THE PATIENT UNDERGOING ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY PROCEDURES -- 21 Exercise Testing -- INDICATIONS AND OBJECTIVES -- SAFETY AND PERSONNEL -- PRETEST CONSIDERATIONS -- EXERCISE TEST SELECTION.

INTERPRETATION OF EXERCISE TEST RESPONSES -- TEST TERMINATION -- RECOVERY PERIOD -- ASSESSING TEST ACCURACY -- ANCILLARY METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE -- GAS EXCHANGE TECHNIQUES -- PROGNOSIS -- EXERCISE TESTING IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS -- SUMMARY -- 22 Cardiac Catheterization -- INDICATIONS -- CONTRAINDICATIONS -- PATIENT PREPARATION -- PROCEDURE -- THE NURSE IN THE CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION LABORATORY -- INTERPRETATION OF DATA -- 23 Hemodynamic Monitoring -- TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF INVASIVE PRESSURE MONITORING -- DIRECT ARTERIAL PRESSURE MONITORING -- CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE MONITORING -- PULMONARY ARTERY PRESSURE MONITORING -- FUNCTIONAL HEMODYNAMIC INDICES -- CARDIAC OUTPUT MEASUREMENT -- VENTRICULAR FUNCTION CURVES -- CONTINUOUS CARDIAC OUTPUT -- LESS INVASIVE METHODS FOR CARDIAC OUTPUT MONITORING -- OXYGEN SUPPLY AND DEMAND -- 24 Heart Rate Variability -- MECHANISMS OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY -- HEART RATE VARIABILITY MEASUREMENT -- HRV PATTERNS IN COMMON CARDIOVASCULAR CONDITIONS -- FACTORS INFLUENCING HEART RATE VARIABILITY -- IMPACT OF INTERVENTIONS ON HRV -- SUMMARY -- PART IV Pathophysiology and Management of Heart Disease -- 25 Pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndromes -- INTRODUCTION -- MECHANISMS THAT REGULATE CORONARY BLOOD FLOW -- CAUSES OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA AND INFARCTION -- RISK FACTORS FOR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE -- INCIDENCE OF MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA -- INCIDENCE OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION -- IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSES -- 26 Acute Coronary Syndromes -- ANGINA PECTORIS -- MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION -- 27 Interventional Cardiology Techniques -- PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS -- PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY PROCEDURES -- COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH PCI -- LATE COMPLICATIONS OF PCI -- ADJUNCTIVE MODALITIES -- ANTICOAGULATION OPTIONS FOR PCI -- NONCORONARY DEVICES -- NURSING MANAGEMENT -- 28 Heart Failure.

ETIOLOGIES AND DEFINITIONS -- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS -- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS -- CLASSIFICATION -- MEDICAL MANAGEMENT -- NURSING MANAGEMENT -- 29 Cardiac Surgery -- EVOLVING TRENDS IN CARDIAC SURGERY -- PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT AND PREPARATION -- SURGICAL TECHNIQUES -- CARDIAC SURGERY PROCEDURES FOR CORONARY ARTERY REVASCULARIZATION Coronary -- CARDIAC SURGERY PROCEDURES FOR ACQUIRED STRUCTURAL HEART DISEASE -- CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION -- 30 Acute Heart Failure and Shock -- DATABASE FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT -- NURSING MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE PATIENT IN SHOCK -- 31 Sudden Cardiac Death and Cardiac Arrest -- DEFINITION OF SUDDEN DEATH -- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND CAUSE OF SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST -- MANAGEMENT OF SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST -- SURVIVORS OF CARDIAC ARREST -- SUMMARY -- 32 Pacemakers and Implantable Defibrillators* -- PACEMAKERS -- IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATORS -- CONCLUSION -- 33 Acquired Valvular Heart Disease -- DATABASE FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT -- 34 Pericardial, Myocardial, and Endocardial Disease -- PERICARDIAL DISEASE -- CARDIOMYOPATHIES -- ENDOCARDIAL DISEASE -- 35 Congenital Heart Disease -- INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE -- CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS -- NORMAL PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW-IMPAIRMENT OR OBSTRUCTION TO VENTRICULAR OUTFLOW -- LEFT-TO-RIGHT SHUNTS WITH INCREASED PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW -- CYANOTIC RIGHT-TO-LEFT SHUNTS WTH DECREASED PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW -- CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS WITH INCREASED PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW -- MEDICAL MANAGEMENT PLAN -- PART V Health Promotion and Disease Prevention -- 36 Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors -- DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS -- FAMILY HISTORY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE -- CIGARETTE SMOKING -- HYPERTENSION -- SERUM LIPIDS AND LIPOPROTEINS -- PHYSICAL ACTIVITY -- DIABETES MELLITUS -- BODY WEIGHT -- REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES -- FOLATE AND HOMOCYSTEINE -- ANTIOXIDANTS -- CONCLUSIONS.

37 Psychosocial Risk Factors: Assessment and Management Interventions.