Contents -- About the Authors and Contributors -- Preface to the Sixth Edition -- CHAPTER 1: The Ecology of Health and Disease -- Environment, Culture, and Health -- Anthropological Subdisciplines and Medical Anthropology -- PROFILE: Arctic Adaptations -- A Working Model of Ecology and Health -- Recommended Readings -- CHAPTER TWO: Research Methods in Health Problems -- Anthropological Approaches to the Use of Medicinal Plants -- Bioenvironmental Data -- PROFILE: Cannibal Mourners -- Clinical Data -- Epidemiological Data -- Social and Cultural Data -- Recommended Readings -- CHAPTER THREE: Human Biocultural Diversity and Health -- Evolution and Biological Diversity -- Human Immune Systems and Defense Against Disease -- Mutation, Ge ne tic Change, and Disease Re sis tance -- PROFILE: Malaria and African Agriculture -- Evolution and Medicine -- Skin Color and Adaptation -- Recommended Readings -- CHAPTER FOUR: The Prehistory of Disease -- Paleopathology: The Study of Disease in Prehistory -- Nutrition and the Transition to Agriculture -- PROFILE: Dry Bones: Health in Southwestern Prehistory -- Beyond the Skeleton: Icemen and Mummies -- Daily Life in the Past: Clues from the Skeleton -- Violence and Inequality -- The Emergence of Cities -- Forensic Anthropology: Contemporary Applications -- Recommended Readings -- CHAPTER FIVE: Emerging Diseases of the 21st Century -- The Ecol ogy of Disease in the Anthropocene -- PROFILE: The Medical Ecology of Cholera in Ecuador -- Emerging Diseases in Aging Populations -- Recommended Readings -- CHAPTER SIX: Changing Population and Environmental Hazards Throughout Human History -- The Anthropological Study of Population -- PROFILE: Stress, Alcohol, and Demographic Changes in Northern Siberia -- Environmental Trauma in Industrial Societies -- Recommended Readings.

CHAPTER SEVEN: Human Reproduction as a Biocultural Process -- Evolutionary and Ecological Infl uences on Reproduction -- Pregnancy -- Care Providers in Pregnancy and Birth -- Birth Alternatives -- Maternal Mortality -- Toward an Ecol ogy of Birth -- Recommended Readings -- CHAPTER EIGHT: The Ecology of Nutrition -- Human Nutritional Requirements -- Subsistence by Hunting and Gathering -- Subsistence in the Humid Tropics -- Agriculture -- PROFILE: Local Differences in Iodine Deficiency Goiter in the Western Himalaya -- Industrial Agriculture -- The Anthropology of Food and Cooking -- Food, Medicine, or Drug? -- Recommended Readings -- CHAPTER NINE: The Global Economy of Food: Stuffed or Starved -- Globalization and Food Systems -- The Obesity Epidemic: Alternative Interpretations -- Nutrition and Child Growth -- Food Insecurity -- PROFILE: Famine in Ethiopia -- Recommended Readings -- CHAPTER TEN: Stress, Trauma, and Mental Illness -- Responding to Trauma: The Stress Concept -- Understanding the Physiology of Stress -- Can Stress Induce Healing? -- Biomarkers of Stress -- Stress and Psychiatric Disorders -- PROFILE: Legacies of War -- Culture- Bound Syndromes -- Resilience: A Buffer Against Stress -- Stress and Evolutionary Adaptedness -- Recommended Readings -- CHAPTER ELEVEN: Health Resources for Vulnerable Populations -- Change and Vulnerability -- Repercussions of Culture Contact on Health in the Arctic -- PROFILE: Culture Change and Inuit Health: Two Families -- Health Care for Displaced Populations -- Medical Pluralism -- Health Disparities -- Living with Disability and Coping with Vulnerability -- Recommended Readings -- CHAPTER TWELVE: Health Costs and Benefits of Globalization -- Spirit Possession and Responses to Industrialization in Malaysia -- Globalization and Health -- Evaluating the Health Effects of Agricultural Development.

Strategies for Improving Health -- Paying the Costs of Industrial Development -- PROFILE: Hazardous Waste and the Mohawks at Akwesasne -- Recommended Readings -- CHAPTER THIRTEEN: First, Do No Harm: Ethics in Medical Anthropology -- Medical Anthropology and Bioethics -- PROFILE: Using Anthropological Methods to Understand Condom Use for Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention in the Inner City -- Difficulties in Following Bioethical Regulations in Anthropological Research -- Ethical Dilemmas in the Field -- Ethical Regulation and Conflicts in Anthropology -- Activism, Engaged Anthropology, and Participatory Research -- Recommended Readings -- CHAPTER FOURTEEN: Applying Medical Anthropology in Health Careers -- Medical Anthropologists in International Health -- Career Paths in Medical Anthropology -- PROFILE: Learning Field Methods in Costa Rica -- Anthropology and Public Policy -- Recommended Readings -- References Cited -- Index.