Spatial Statistics and Digital Image Analysis -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- Bibliography -- 2 Image Analysis and Computer Vision -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION TO IMAGE ANALYSIS -- 2.2 DIGITAL IMAGES -- 2.3 SOME PROBLEMS IN IMAGE ANALYSIS -- 2.3.1 Image Restoration -- 2.3.2 Boundary Detection -- 2.3.3 Tomographic Reconstruction -- 2.3.4 Three-Dimensional Shape Reconstruction -- Stereopsis -- Shape-from-Shading -- 2.4 BAYESIAN/SPATIAL STATISTICS FRAMEWORK -- 2.4.1 General Framework -- Attribute Modeling -- Degradation Model -- Posterior Distribution -- Model Identification -- Attribute Estimation -- Algorithms -- 2.4.2 Examples -- Image Restoration -- Boundary Detection -- Single Photon Emission Tomography -- Shape-From-Shading -- Deformable Templates -- Bibliography -- 3 Oceanographic and Atmospheric Applications of Spatial Statistics and Digital Image Analysis -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 SELECTED ANALYSIS AREAS -- 3.2.1 Principal Component Analysis -- General Concepts -- Multispectral Data Application -- Multi-Temporal Data Application -- 3.2.2 Velocity Estimates from Image Sequences -- General Comments -- Total Flow Field From Pattern Matching -- The Normal Component of Flow -- Other Representation -- The Tangential Component of Velocity -- Example -- 3.2.3 Ice Floe Identification and Principal Curves -- Overview of Banfield and Raftery Algorithm -- Example -- 3.3 STORAGE AND IMAGE REPRESENTATION -- 3.3.1 Storage Considerations -- 3.3.2 Image Representation -- 3.4 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS -- 3.5 SUMMARY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Bibliography -- Appendix to Chapter 3 -- 4 Spatial Statistics in Environmental Science -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 ESTIMATING SPATIAL COVARIANCE -- 4.2.1 Example: Spatial Variation in Solar Radiation -- 4.3 NETWORK DESIGN -- 4.3.1 Impact Design -- 4.3.2 Information Transmission Network Design.

Example: Finding the Least Informative Station in a Network -- 4.4 MODELING PRECIPITATION USING SPACE-TIME POINT PROCESSES -- Bibliography -- 5 Geostatistical Analysis of Spatial Data -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 THEORY AND METHODS OF GEOSTATISTICS -- 5.2.1 The Variogram -- 5.2.2 Kriging -- 5.2.3 Conditional Simulation of Spatial Data -- 5.3 APPLICATIONS AND RESEARCH FRONTIERS -- 5.3.1 Applications -- Flow of Groundwater From A Proposed Nuclear Waste Site -- Acid Deposition and Network Design -- 5.3.2 Research Frontiers -- Change of Support -- Multivariate Spatial Data -- Variogram Model Fitting and its Effect on Inferences -- Bibliography -- 6 Spatial Statistics in the Analysis of Agricultural Field Experiments -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 GENERAL BACKGROUND -- 6.3 SOME RECENT PROGRESS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- 6.3.1 Aims -- 6.3.2 One-Dimensional Adjustment -- 6.3.3 Two-Dimensional Formulation -- 6.3.4 Other Approaches and Further Research -- Bibliography -- 7 Spatial Statistics in Ecology -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 POINT PROCESSES -- 7.2.1 The Poisson Process -- 7.2.2 Cluster Processes -- 7.2.3 The Cox Process -- 7.2.4 Markovian Point Processes -- 7.3 A SPATIO-TEMPORAL POINT PROCESS MODEL FOR TREE GROWTH -- 7.4 CONCLUSION AND FURTHER DIRECTIONS -- Bibliography -- 8 Spatial Signal-Processing in Radars and Sonars -- 8.1 INTRODUCTION -- 8.2 DETECTION AND ESTIMATION PROBLEM -- 8.3 USING LINEAR ARRAYS OF UNIFORMLY SPACED SENSORS -- 8.4 USING GENERAL ARRAYS OF SENSORS -- 8.5 FUTURE RESEARCH CONSIDERATIONS -- Bibliography -- 9 Stochastic Modeling in Physical Chemistry -- 9.1 INTRODUCTION -- 9.2 DIFFUSION CONTROLLED REACTION -- 9.2.1 Radiation Spurs -- The Two-Species Spur -- The Ionic System -- The Scavenging System -- 9.3 COMPUTER SIMULATION OF LIQUIDS -- 9.3.1 Some History -- 9.3.2 Sampling From Configuration Space -- 9.3.3 A Typical Computer Experiment.

9.4 DISCUSSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- 9.4.1 Physical Properties of Matter in Equilibrium -- 9.4.2 Dynamical and Transport Properties of Matter -- 9.4.3 Properties of Atoms and Molecules -- 9.4.4 Statistical Mechanics -- 9.4.5 Dynamics of Chemical Reactions -- 9.4.6 Complex Systems -- Atmospheric Chemistry-Depletion of Ozone Layer -- Combustion -- Radiation Chemistry -- Surface Kinetics and Electrochemistry -- Bibliography -- 10 Stereology -- 10.1 INTRODUCTION -- 10.2 CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS -- 10.2.1 Information from Lower-Dimensional Samples -- 10.2.2 Stereology is Classical Sampling Theory -- 10.2.3 The Particle Problem -- 10.2.4 Unbiased Counting and Sampling -- 10.2.5 Spatial Interpretation and Inverse Problems -- 10.2.6 Stochastic Models -- Explicit Models -- Stationary Models -- Semiparametric Models -- Data Models -- 10.3 STATISTICAL THEORY -- 10.3.1 What To Estimate -- 10.3.2 Inference -- 10.3.3 Geometrical Identities -- 10.3.4 Design-Based Estimation -- 10.3.5 Model-Based Estimation -- 10.4 RECENT RESEARCH AND NEW DIRECTIONS -- 10.4.1 Variance of Systematic Sampling -- 10.4.2 Fractionator Sampling -- 10.4.3 New Estimation Formulas -- 10.4.4 Research Frontiers -- Three Dimensions -- Structured Models -- Markov Models -- Bootstrap Methods -- Bibliography -- BIBLIOGRAPHIC NOTES -- 11 Markov Models For Speech Recognition -- 11.1 INTRODUCTION -- 11.2 BASIC SPEECH CONCEPTS -- 11.3 SOME RECENT SYSTEMS -- 11.4 SIGNAL PROCESSING -- 11.5 PROBABILISTIC RECOGNITION -- 11.6 IMAGE-PROCESSING PARALLELS -- 11.7 MODELING OF SPEECH -- 11.8 HIDDEN MARKOV MODELING -- 11.9 THE SPHINX PHONEME MODEL -- 11.10 INSTANTIATION -- 11.11 COMPUTATIONAL ISSUES: PARAMETER ESTIMATION AND SEARCHES -- 11.12 FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- Bibliography.