Table of Contents -- Preface -- Foreword - Akira Hayami: a historiographical appraisal -- Introduction -- PRELUDE: TWO HISTORICAL LANDMARKS -- PHILIP II AND TOYOTOMI HIDEYOSHI -- FRANCISCO XAVIER AND JAPAN -- PART I: TOKUGAWA JAPAN -- 1 Japan: Sixteenth, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries -- 2 A Great Transformation: Social and Economic Change in Sixteenth and Seventeenth-century Japan -- 3 Japan in the Eighteenth Century: Demography and Economy -- 4 Industrial Revolution versus Industrious Revolution -- PART II: DEMOGRAPHY THROUGH THE TELESCOPE -- 5 The Population at the Beginning of the Tokugawa Period -- 6 Population Trends in Tokugawa Japan: 1600-1868 -- 7 Population Growth in Pre-industrial Japan -- 8 Population and Family in Crisis: A Study of Northeastern Japan in the Late Eighteenth Century -- 9 Japan in Transition from Tokugawa to Meiji: Population Changes -- PART III: DEMOGRAPHY THROUGH THE MICROSCOPE -- 10 The Shumon Aratame Cho : Japan's Population Registers -- 11 Demographic Aspects of a Village in Tokugawa Japan -- 12 Class Differences in Marriage and Fertility Among Tokugawa Villagers in Mino Province -- 13 Labor Migration in a Pre-industrial Society: A Study Tracing the Life Histories of the Inhabitants of a Village -- PART IV: FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD -- 14 Size of Household in a Japanese County Throughout the Tokugawa Era -- 15 Regional Diversity in Demographic and Family Patterns in Pre-industrial Japan -- 16 Population and Households Dynamics: A Mountainous District in Northern Japan in the Shumon Aratame Cho of Aizu, 1750-1850 -- PART V: EPILOGUE -- 17 Another Fossa Magna: Proportion Marrying and Age at Marriage in Late Nineteenth-century Japan -- 18 Illegitimacy in Japan -- 19 Koji Sugi and the Emergence of Modern Population Statistics in Japan: the Influence of German Statistics -- Index.