SPEECH DISORDERS: CAUSES, TREATMENT AND SOCIAL EFFECTS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- SPEECH AND VOICE DISORDERS IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE -- INTRODUCTION -- I. DESCRIPTION OF PARKINSONIAN DYSARTHRIA -- I.1. Speech Respiration -- I.2. Phonation -- I.3. Resonance -- I.4. Articulation -- I.5. Prosody -- I.6. Sensory and Perceptual Deficits -- II. TREATMENT -- II.1. Pharmacological Treatment -- II.2. Surgical Treatment -- II.3. Speech Therapy -- III. METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES -- III.1. Normal Variations in Speech Production -- III.2. Task Dependency -- III.3. Methodological Differences -- III.4. Heterogeneity of PD Patients -- IV. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SPEECH IMPAIRMENT IN PD -- REFERENCES -- SPEECH AND LITERACY: THE CONNECTION AND THE RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL POPULATIONS -- ABSTRACT -- THE SPEECH-LITERACY CONNECTION: THEORETICAL BASES -- SPEECH-RELATED SKILLS OF CHILDREN WITH LITERACY DIFFICULTIES -- Early Identification -- LITERACY-RELATED SKILLS OF CHILDREN WITH SSD -- Persisting Speech Problems -- Concomitant Language Skills -- Childhood Apraxia of Speech -- Severity of Speech Disorder -- Speech Sound Error Types -- THE ROLE OF PHONOLOGICAL SHORT-TERM MEMORY -- Phonological Short-Term Memory in Children with SSD -- Method -- Results -- Discussion -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- IMAGING OF BRAIN FUNCTION WITH POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY AND ITS ROLE IN APHASIA RESEARCH -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- A SHORT HISTORY OF PET -- Data Correction and Image Reconstruction -- PARAMETERS FOR ACTIVATION STUDIES -- Performance and Analysis of Functional Studies -- Limitations for PET Activation Studies -- FUNCTIONAL ACTIVATION IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS -- Visual System -- Auditory System -- Motor and Somatosensory Activation -- Language -- Cognition and Memory -- ACTIVATION PATTERNS IN BRAIN DISEASE -- POSTSTROKE APHASIA.

Disturbance of Regional Metabolism and Flow versus Severity and Persistence of Language Deficit -- Changes in Activation Patterns versus Recovery of Language Function -- Effect of Treatment in Poststroke Aphasia -- Combination of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) with Activated Imaging -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- USING SPANISH IN THE HOME TO PROMOTE SCHOOL READINESS IN ENGLISH -- ABSTRACT -- The Case for Intervention in the Home Language -- The Intervention -- METHOD -- Participants -- Materials and Procedure -- Measures of Treatment Effect -- Kindergarten testing -- RESULTS -- Rates of Completion and Attrition -- The PLS-III in Spanish at Intake and after Each Year of Treatment -- Kindergarten Testing in Spanish and English -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- APPENDIX B. MATERIALS FOR PARENT SURVEY: -- NEW FRONTIERS IN UNDERSTANDING SPEECH SOUND DISORDER: UNRAVELING THE MYSTERIES OF GENETIC CAUSES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- The Quest to Understand the Biological Substrates of Speech Sound Dissorder -- Terminology and Tools in Genetics -- Reasons to Study SSD Genetics -- Behavioral Genetics Studies in SSD -- Molecular Genetics Studies in SSD -- METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF THE INTENSIVE STUTTERING THERAPY FOR ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- The Problem of Stuttering -- Intensive Therapy for Adults and Adolescents Who Stutter -- Structure of the Multifaceted Program for People Who Stutter -- METHODS -- Criteria 1. The Characteristics of the Participants Must Be Described -- Criteria 2. The Nature of the Therapy Delivered Needs to be Described in Detail.

Criteria 3. The Outcome or Measures of Success Must be Clearly Defined, They Must be Measurable, and All Treatment Goals Must be Measured Appropriately -- Criteria 4. All the Changes in Treatment, Both Positive and Negative, Must be Measured, Analyzed, Compared, and Reported Clearly -- RESULTS -- Quantitative Data -- Qualitative Data -- Follow-up Therapy -- CONCLUSION -- Outcomes of Treatment -- Future Directions for This Program -- REFERENCES -- IS PROSODY A DIAGNOSTIC AND COGNITIVE BELLWETHER OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS? -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- WHY PROSODY? -- PROSODY AND AUTISM -- PROSODY AS A DIAGNOSTIC BELLWETHER OF ASDS -- Relationship of Prosody to Core Impairments in ASDs -- Prosody and Nosology -- Prosody as an Early Diagnostic Marker -- PROSODY AS A COGNITIVE BELLWETHER OF ASDS -- Theory of Mind -- Executive Functioning -- Intermodal Integration -- Prosody as an End-State Behavior for Cognition -- TREATMENT OF PROSODIC DEFICITS IN AUTISM -- CONCLUSION -- AUTHOR NOTE -- REFERENCES -- THE MULTI DIMENSIONAL VOICE PROGRAM (MDVP) IN CONJUNCTION WITH OTHER TESTS IN THE EVALUATION OF SPEECH AND VOICE DISORDERS: OUR EXPERIENCE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- SPEECH AND VOICE PRODUCTION -- PROTOCOL -- Mirror-Fogging Test -- Gutzmann Test -- Voice Handicap Index -- Test of Van Borsel -- Multidimensional Voice Program (MDVP) -- PERSONAL EXPERIENCES -- 1. TONSILLECTOMY -- 2. UVULOPALATOPHARYNGOLPLASTY -- 3. SEPTOPLASTY -- 4. MICROLARYNGOSCOPY -- CONCLUSION -- APPENDIX: BALANCED SENTENCES -- Oronasal Sentences -- Oral Sentences -- Nasal Sentences -- REFERENCES -- LEARNING DISABILITIES AND MATHEMATICS IN HIGHER EDUCATION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Widening Participation -- Dyslexia -- Memory Acquisition and Retrieval -- Hierarchical Nature of Mathematics -- Concepts and Conflicts -- Common Cognitive Paths (CCP).

Observations of Student Learning -- Fundamental Number -- Fractions -- ALGEBRAIC MANIPULATION -- Denominators -- Visual Impact -- Symbol Conventions and Layout -- Statistics -- Hierarchy of Mathematical Concepts -- Differentiated Pedagogy -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- SPEECH EVALUATION AND SPEECH REHABILITATION AFTER ORAL AND OROPHARYNGEAL CANCER TREATMENT -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Method -- Results -- COMMENT -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- AUDIENCE EFFECTS ON STUTTERING: A JAPANESE CASE STUDY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. METHOD -- 2.1. Subject -- 2.2. Test Material -- 2.3. Procedure -- 2.4. Dependent Variables -- 3. RESULTS -- 3.1. Stuttering Frequency -- 3.2. Speech Rate -- 3.3. Fundamental Frequency -- 3.4. Some More Exploratory Analysis of the Relation between Stuttering and F0 -- 3.5. The Adaptation Effect -- 4. DISCUSSION -- 4.1. Stuttering Frequency and Speech Rate -- 4.2. The Relation between Stuttering and F0 -- 4.3. Further Questions -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SILENT CHILDREN: UNDERSTANDING AND TREATING SELECTIVE MUTISM -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- ETIOLOGY -- TREATMENT -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- ORIGINS OF THE MUSCLES OF THEHUMAN TONGUE -- INTRODUCTION -- WHAT IS THE PROTOTYPE OF THE TONGUE? -- The Tongue of the Shark -- WHERE THE MUSCLES OF THE HUMAN TONGUE ORIGINATED FROM? -- Transverse Lingual Muscle and Palatoglossus Muscle -- Superior and Inferior Longitudinal Lingual Muscles -- Vertical Lingual Muscle -- A NEW THEORY OF THE ORIGINATION FOR THEHUMAN TONGUE -- REFERENCES -- EFFECTIVENESS OF SPEECH RATE-CONVERSION SOFTWARE FOR PATIENTS WITH DYSARTHRIA -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS -- Subjects -- Recording Procedures -- Speech Intelligibility and Speech Naturalness -- Scoring by the Listeners -- Severity Level -- Method Reliability -- RESULTS -- Speech Intelligibility -- Speech Naturalness.

DISCUSSION -- REFERENCES -- SPEECH PROBLEMS IN DYSLEXIA: EVIDENCE FROM AUDITORY AND VISUAL SPEECH PERCEPTION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODS -- A. Participants -- B. Design -- C. Stimuli and Apparatus -- D. Procedure -- E. Scoring -- F. Analysis -- RESULTS -- The /ada/-/aga/ Continuum -- The /aba/-/awa/ Continuum -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.