Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Part I General Aspects of Bridge Design -- Chapter 1 Introduction to Bridge Engineering -- 1.1 A Bridge Is the Key Element in a Transportation System -- 1.2 Bridge Engineering in the United States -- 1.2.1 Stone Arch Bridges -- 1.2.2 Wooden Bridges -- 1.2.3 Metal Truss Bridges -- 1.2.4 Suspension Bridges -- 1.2.5 Metal Arch Bridges -- 1.2.6 Reinforced Concrete Bridges -- 1.2.7 Girder Bridges -- 1.2.8 Closing Remarks -- 1.3 Bridge Engineer-Planner, Architect, Designer, Constructor, and Facility Manager -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 2 Specifications and Bridge Failures -- 2.1 Bridge Specifications -- 2.2 Implication of Bridge Failures on Practice -- 2.2.1 Silver Bridge, Point Pleasant, West Virginia, December 15, 1967 -- 2.2.2 I-5 and I-210 Interchange, San Fernando, California, February 9, 1971 -- 2.2.3 Sunshine Skyway, Tampa Bay, Florida, May 9, 1980 -- 2.2.4 Mianus River Bridge, Greenwich, Connecticut, June 28, 1983 -- 2.2.5 Schoharie Creek Bridge, Amsterdam, New York, April 5, 1987 -- 2.2.6 Cypress Viaduct, Loma Prieta Earthquake, October 17, 1989 -- 2.2.7 I-35W Bridge, Minneapolis, Minnesota, August 1, 2007 -- 2.2.8 Failures During Construction -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 3 Bridge Aesthetics -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Nature of the Structural Design Process -- 3.2.1 Description and Justification -- 3.2.2 Public and Personal Knowledge -- 3.2.3 Regulation -- 3.2.4 Design Process -- 3.3 Aesthetics in Bridge Design -- 3.3.1 Definition of Aesthetics -- 3.3.2 Qualities of Aesthetic Design -- 3.3.3 Practical Guidelines for Medium- and Short-Span Bridges -- 3.3.4 Computer Modeling -- 3.3.5 Web References -- 3.3.6 Closing Remarks on Aesthetics -- References -- Problems.

Chapter 4 Bridge Types and Selection -- 4.1 Main Structure below the Deck Line -- 4.2 Main Structure above the Deck Line -- 4.3 Main Structure Coincides with the Deck Line -- 4.4 Closing Remarks on Bridge Types -- 4.5 Selection of Bridge Type -- 4.5.1 Factors to Be Considered -- 4.5.2 Bridge Types Used for Different Span Lengths -- 4.5.3 Closing Remarks -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 5 Design Limit States -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Development of Design Procedures -- 5.2.1 Allowable Stress Design -- 5.2.2 Variability of Loads -- 5.2.3 Shortcomings of Allowable Stress Design -- 5.2.4 Load and Resistance Factor Design -- 5.3 Design Limit States -- 5.3.1 General -- 5.3.2 Service Limit State -- 5.3.3 Fatigue and Fracture Limit State -- 5.3.4 Strength Limit State -- 5.3.5 Extreme Event Limit State -- 5.4 Closing Remarks -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 6 Principles of Probabilistic Design -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Frequency Distribution and Mean Value -- 6.1.2 Standard Deviation -- 6.1.3 Probability Density Functions -- 6.1.4 Bias Factor -- 6.1.5 Coefficient of Variation -- 6.1.6 Probability of Failure -- 6.1.7 Safety Index â -- 6.2 Calibration of LRFD Code -- 6.2.1 Overview of the Calibration Process -- 6.2.2 Calibration Using Reliability Theory -- 6.2.3 Calibration of Fitting with ASD -- 6.3 Closing Remarks -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 7 Geometric Design Considerations -- 7.1 Introduction to Geometric Roadway Considerations -- 7.2 Roadway Widths -- 7.3 Vertical Clearances -- 7.4 Interchanges -- References -- Problem -- Part II Loads and Analysis -- Chapter 8 Loads -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Gravity Loads -- 8.2.1 Permanent Loads -- 8.2.2 Transient Loads -- 8.3 Lateral Loads -- 8.3.1 Fluid Forces -- 8.3.2 Seismic Loads -- 8.3.3 Ice Forces -- 8.4 Forces Due to Deformations -- 8.4.1 Temperature.

8.4.2 Creep and Shrinkage -- 8.4.3 Settlement -- 8.5 Collision Loads -- 8.5.1 Vessel Collision -- 8.5.2 Rail Collision -- 8.5.3 Vehicle Collision -- 8.6 Blast Loading -- 8.7 Summary -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 9 Influence Functions and Girder-Line Analysis -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Definition -- 9.3 Statically Determinate Beams -- 9.3.1 Concentrated Loads -- 9.3.2 Uniform Loads -- 9.4 Muller-Breslau Principle -- 9.4.1 Betti's Theorem -- 9.4.2 Theory of Muller-Breslau Principle -- 9.4.3 Qualitative Influence Functions -- 9.5 Statically Indeterminate Beams -- 9.5.1 Integration of Influence Functions -- 9.5.2 Relationship between Influence Functions -- 9.5.3 Muller-Breslau Principle for End Moments -- 9.5.4 Automation by Matrix Structural Analysis -- 9.6 Normalized Influence Functions -- 9.7 AASHTO Vehicle Loads -- 9.8 Influence Surfaces -- 9.9 Summary -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 10 System Analysis-Introduction -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Safety of Methods -- 10.2.1 Equilibrium for Safe Design -- 10.2.2 Stress Reversal and Residual Stress -- 10.2.3 Repetitive Overloads -- 10.2.4 Fatigue and Serviceability -- 10.3 Summary -- References -- Problem -- Chapter 11 System Analysis-Gravity Loads -- 11.1 Slab-Girder Bridges -- 11.2 Slab Bridges -- 11.3 Slabs in Slab-Girder Bridges -- 11.4 Box-Girder Bridges -- 11.5 Closing Remarks -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 12 System Analysis-Lateral, Temperature, Shrinkage, and Prestress Loads -- 12.1 Lateral Load Analysis -- 12.1.1 Wind Loads -- 12.1.2 Seismic Load Analysis -- 12.2 Temperature, Shrinkage, and Prestress -- 12.2.1 General -- 12.2.2 Prestressing -- 12.2.3 Temperature Effects -- 12.2.4 Shrinkage and Creep -- 12.3 Closing Remarks -- References -- Part III Concrete Bridges.

Chapter 13 Reinforced Concrete Material Response and Properties -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Material Response -- 13.3 Constituents of Fresh Concrete -- 13.4 Properties of Hardened Concrete -- 13.4.1 Short-Term Properties of Concrete -- 13.4.2 Long-Term Properties of Concrete -- 13.5 Properties of Steel Reinforcement -- 13.5.1 Nonprestressed Steel Reinforcement -- 13.5.2 Prestressing Steel -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 14 Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Members -- 14.1 Limit States -- 14.1.1 Service Limit State -- 14.1.2 Fatigue Limit State -- 14.1.3 Strength Limit State -- 14.1.4 Extreme Event Limit State -- 14.2 Flexural Strength of Reinforced Concrete Members -- 14.2.1 Depth to Neutral Axis for Beams with Bonded Tendons -- 14.2.2 Depth to Neutral Axis for Beams with Unbonded Tendons -- 14.2.3 Nominal Flexural Strength -- 14.2.4 Ductility, Maximum Tensile Reinforcement, and Resistance Factor Adjustment -- 14.2.5 Minimum Tensile Reinforcement -- 14.2.6 Loss of Prestress -- 14.3 Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Members -- 14.3.1 Variable-Angle Truss Model -- 14.3.2 Modified Compression Field Theory -- 14.3.3 Shear Design Using Modified Compression Field Theory -- 14.4 Closing Remarks -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 15 Concrete Barrier Strength and Deck Design -- 15.1 Concrete Barrier Strength -- 15.1.1 Strength of Uniform Thickness Barrier Wall -- 15.1.2 Strength of Variable Thickness Barrier Wall -- 15.1.3 Crash Testing of Barriers -- 15.2 Concrete Deck Design -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 16 Concrete Design Examples -- 16.1 Solid Slab Bridge Design -- 16.2 T-Beam Bridge Design -- 16.3 Prestressed Girder Bridge -- References -- Part IV Steel Bridges -- Chapter 17 Steel Bridges -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Material Properties.

17.2.1 Steelmaking Process: Traditional -- 17.2.2 Steelmaking Process: Mini Mills -- 17.2.3 Steelmaking Process: Environmental Considerations -- 17.2.4 Production of Finished Products -- 17.2.5 Residual Stresses -- 17.2.6 Heat Treatments -- 17.2.7 Classification of Structural Steels -- 17.2.8 Effects of Repeated Stress (Fatigue) -- 17.2.9 Brittle Fracture Considerations -- 17.3 Summary -- References -- Problem -- Chapter 18 Limit States and General Requirements -- 18.1 Limit States -- 18.1.1 Service Limit State -- 18.1.2 Fatigue and Fracture Limit State -- 18.1.3 Strength Limit States -- 18.1.4 Extreme Event Limit State -- 18.2 General Design Requirements -- 18.2.1 Effective Length of Span -- 18.2.2 Dead-Load Camber -- 18.2.3 Minimum Thickness of Steel -- 18.2.4 Diaphragms and Cross Frames -- 18.2.5 Lateral Bracing -- References -- Problems -- Chapter 19 Steel Component Resistance -- 19.1 Tensile Members -- 19.1.1 Types of Connections -- 19.1.2 Tensile Resistance-Specifications -- 19.1.3 Strength of Connections for Tension Members -- 19.2 Compression Members -- 19.2.1 Column Stability-Behavior -- 19.2.2 Inelastic Buckling-Behavior -- 19.2.3 Compressive Resistance-Specifications -- 19.2.4 Connections for Compression Members -- 19.3 I-Sections in Flexure -- 19.3.1 General -- 19.3.2 Yield Moment and Plastic Moment -- 19.3.3 Stability Related to Flexural Resistance -- 19.3.4 Limit States -- 19.3.5 Summary of I-Sections in Flexure -- 19.3.6 Closing Remarks on I-Sections in Flexure -- 19.4 Shear Resistance of I-Sections -- 19.4.1 Beam Action Shear Resistance -- 19.4.2 Tension Field Action Shear Resistance -- 19.4.3 Combined Shear Resistance -- 19.4.4 Shear Resistance of Unstiffened Webs -- 19.5 Shear Connectors -- 19.5.1 Fatigue Limit State for Stud Connectors.

19.5.2 Strength Limit State for Stud Connectors.