Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Primary Graft Dysfunction in Lung Transplantation -- S.F. Marasco1,2, H.K.Lim2, K. Chaudhuri1,2, J. Chan1, E. Lin3 -- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia -- 2 Department of Surgery, Monash University, Australia -- 3 Department of Anaesthesia, The Alfred Hospital, Australia -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Definition -- Pathogenesis -- Role of Oxidative Stress -- Role of Cytokines and Complement -- Role of Mitochondria -- Incidence and Diagnosis -- Hypoxaemia -- Radiographic Changes -- Grading System of PGD -- Exclusion Criteria -- Refinements -- Risk Factors -- Donor Factors -- Recipient Risk Factors -- Obesity -- Hepatic Impairment (Including Cystic Fibrosis Related Liver Disease) -- Medications -- Level of Inotropic Support -- Operative Risk Factors -- Prevention -- Donor Management -- Blood Pressure Management -- Ventilation -- Bronchoscopy -- Hormonal Resuscitation -- Preservation Solutions -- Intraoperative Anaesthetic Management -- Operative Techniques -- Delivery of Preservation Solution -- Antegrade Flush -- Retrograde Flush -- Volume and Pressure of Flush -- Temperature of Flush -- Storage Considerations -- Ventilation and Inflation of Lung Prior to Storage -- Temperature of Storage -- Technique of Implantation -- Protective Reperfusion and Ventilation -- Pharmacological Agents -- Surfactant -- Leukocyte Filtration -- Nitric Oxide -- Preconditioning in Lung Transplantation -- Ischaemic Conditioning and Remote Ischaemic Conditioning -- Evidence in Humans -- Evidence in Lung Transplantation -- Outcomes -- Treatment -- Supportive Management -- Pulmonary Vasodilators -- Surfactant -- ECMO -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Intensive Care Management of Lung Transplant Recipient.

Paolo Feltracco*, Eugenio Serra, Stefania Barbieri, Moira Milevoj, and Carlo Ori -- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Padova, -- Padova (Italy) -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Physiology of the Transplanted Graft -- Postoperative Hemodynamic Assessment and Stabilization -- Fluid Management and Volumetric Monitoring -- Primary Graft Dysfunction -- Postoperative Management of Ventilation -- Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation -- Postoperative Pain Control -- Acute Postoperative Physical Rehabilitation -- Positioning -- Infection Prophylaxys -- Acute Rejection -- Hyperacute Rejection -- Postoperative Renal Complications -- Immunosuppression -- Gastrointestinal (GI) Complications -- Coagulation Disorders -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Impact of Viral Pathogens in Lung Transplant Recipients -- Cristina Costa1*, Massimiliano Bergallo1, Paolo Solidoro2, Sergio Baldi2, and Rossana Cavallo1 -- 1Virology Unit, and 2Pulmonary Division -- University Hospital S. Giovanni Battista di Torino. Via Santena 9 - 10126 Turin, Italy -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Community Acquired Respiratory Viruses -- Paramyxoviridae (Parainfluenzaviruses, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human Metapneumovirus) -- Influenza Viruses -- Rhinoviruses -- Adenoviruses -- Persistently Infecting Viruses: The Herpesviridae Family -- Role of Β-Herpesviruses and Epstein-Barr Virus in the Lower Respiratory Tract From Lung Transplant Patients: Results of a Study Performed at the Virology Unit of the University Hospital San Giovanni Battista, Turin, Italy -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4 -- Identification of Allo- and Auto-Antibodies after Lung Transplantation.

A.W.M. Paantjens1*, E.A. van de Graaf2, J.M. Kwakkel-van Erp2, W.G.J. van Ginkel1, T. Hoefnagel1, D.A. van Kessel3, J.M.M. van den Bosch3, and H.G. Otten1 -- 1 Depts of Immunology -- 2 Pulmonology -- 3 Academic Medical Centre Utrecht and Pulmonology -- Sint Antonius Ziekenhuis Nieuwegein, The Netherlands -- Abstract -- The Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome After Lung Transplantation -- Antibody Mediated Rejection -- HLA Antibodies -- Non-HLA Antibodies -- Screening Strategies -- Serological Proteome Analysis -- Protein Arrays -- SIMT -- SEREX -- Lung Transplantation -- Kidney Transplantation -- Stem Cell Transplantation -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 -- Surgical Aspects of Lung Transplantation -- Silvana Marasco 2, Adrian Pick1 -- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgical Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia -- 2 Department of Surgery, Monash University, Australia -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Access to the Thorax -- Sternotomy -- Clam-Shell Incision -- Bilateral Anterolateral Thoracotomy -- Anterior Axillary Muscle Sparing Thoracotomy -- Posterolateral Thoracotomy -- Recipient Pneumonectomy -- Implantation -- Bronchial Anastomotic Techniques -- Pulmonary Vascular Anastomoses -- Lung Size Reduction -- Back Table versus In Situ Lobectomy -- Choosing which Lobe to Resect -- Choosing How Much Lung to Resect -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 -- Neurologic Complications of Lung Transplantation -- Sasha Živković -- VA Pittsburgh HCS and University of Pittsburgh -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- 1. Lung Transplantation -- 2. Neurologic Complications of Organ Transplantation -- 3. Neurologic Complications of Lung Transplantation -- 3.1. Disorders of Consciousness and Behavior -- 3.2. Seizures -- 3.3. Cerebrovascular Complications -- 3.4. Neuromuscular Complications -- 3.5 Immunosuppressant Neurotoxicity -- 3.6. Opportunistic Infections.

3.7. Other Neurologic Complications -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 -- Leucocyte Intracellular Cytokines -- in Lung Transplant Patients - A More Physiological Indicator of Immunosuppression than Plasma Drug Levels -- Greg Hodge1,2, Sandra Hodge1, Paul Reynolds1, Daniel Chambers3 and Mark Holmes1,4 -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Acute and Chronic Transplant Rejection -- Immunosuppression -- Corticosteroids -- Calcineurin Inhibitors: Cyclosporin A (CsA) and Tacrolimus (Tac) -- Antimetabolites: Azathioprine and Mycophenolate Mofetil -- Anti-lymphocyte Antibodies -- Anti-cytokine Receptor Antibodies -- Cytokine Measurement in Lung Transplant Patients -- Effect of Immunosuppression Protocols on Intracellular Cytokines in Blood T Cells -- Effect of Immunosuppression Protocols on Blood Monocyte Cytokine and Chemokine Production -- Effect of Current Immunosuppression Protocols on Intracellular Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Bronchoalveolar Lavage T Cells of Stable Lung Transplant Patients -- Effect of Current Immunosuppression Protocols on Intracellular pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Bronchial intra-epithelial T Cells of Stable Lung Transplant Patients -- Airway Infection is Associated with Increased Immunosuppression of Intracellular Th1 Cytokines in Bronchoalveolar Lavage CD8+ T Cells Compared with Stable Lung Transplant Patients -- Longitudinal Monitoring of Immunosuppression in Transplant Patients by Measurement of Intracellular T Cell Cytokines -- Analysis of Intracellular Cytokines to Improve Therapeutic Immunosuppression Monitoring Following Lung Transplantation Now and in the Future -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 -- Measurement of Intracellular Cytokines to Improve Therapeutic Monitoring of Immunosuppressive Drugs Following Lung Transplantation -- Greg Hodge1,2, Sandra Hodge1, Paul Reynolds1 and Mark Holmes1.

1 Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide -- -- 2 Haematology Department, Women's and Children's Hospital, -- North Adelaide, South Australia -- -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Allograft Rejection -- Immunosuppressants -- Corticosteroids -- Calcineurin Inhibitors: Cyclosporin A (CsA) and Tacrolimus (Tac) -- Antimetabolites: Azathioprine (AZA) and Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) -- Anti-Lymphocyte Antibodies -- Anti-Cytokine Receptor Antibodies -- Measurement of Inflammatory Cytokines in Transplant Patients -- Effect of Immunosuppression Protocols on Intracellular Cytokines in Blood T Cells -- Effect of Immunosuppression Protocols on Blood Monocyte Intracellular Cytokine and Chemokine Production -- Increased Intracellular Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Bronchoalveolar Lavage T Cells of Stable Lung Transplant Patients -- Compartmentalisation of Intracellular -- Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Bronchial -- Intra-Epithelial T Cells of Stable -- Lung Transplant Patients -- Airway Infection Is Associated with Decreased Intracellular Th1 Cytokines in Bronchoalveolar Lavage CD8+ T Cells of Stable Lung -- Transplant Patients -- Longitudinal Monitoring of Intracellular T Cell Cytokines in Transplant Patients -- Future of Intracellular Cytokines to Improve Therapeutic Monitoring Following Lung Transplantation -- References -- Index.