Overview -- Overview of Magnesium Research: History and Current Trends -- Magnesium and Calcium in Drinking Water -- Magnesium Homeostasis -- Cellular Mg2+ Transport and Homeostasis: An Overview -- TRPM6 and TRPM7 Chanzymes Essential for Magnesium Homeostasis -- CorA-Mrs2-Alr1 Superfamily of Mg2+ Channel Proteins -- Practical Interest of Circulating Total and Ionized Magnesium Concentration Evaluation in Experimental and Clinical Magnesium Disorders -- Nutrition -- Overview of Magnesium Nutrition -- Magnesium Requirement and Affecting Factors -- Experimental Data on Chronic Magnesium Deficiency -- Clinical forms of Magnesium Depletion by Photosensitization and Treatment with Scototherapy -- New Data on Pharmacological Properties and Indications of Magnesium -- Epidemiology -- Magnesium Intake and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes -- Magnesium Intake and Hepatic Cancer -- Exercise -- Exercise and Magnesium -- Metabolic Syndrome -- Review of Magnesium and Metabolic Syndrome -- Diabetes Mellitus and Magnesium -- Magnesium Metabolism in Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus -- Cardiovascular Disease -- Cardiovascular Disease and Magnesium -- Magnesium: Forgotten Mineral in Cardiovascular Biology and Atherogenesis -- Skeletal Diseases and Calcium Metabolism -- Overview of Skeletal Diseases and Calcium Metabolism in Relation to Magnesium -- Magnesium and Osteoporosis -- Calcium-Sensing Receptor and Magnesium -- Kidney -- Magnesium and the Kidney: Overview -- Cellular Basis of Magnesium Transport -- Magnesium in Chronic Renal Failure -- Magesium in Hemodialysis Patients -- Neurology -- Neurology Overview -- Magnesium in the Central Nervous System -- Magnesium in Dental Medicine -- Tooth and Magnesium -- Magnesium in Neurology And Psychiatry -- Magnesium in Psychoses -- Veterinary Medicine -- Significance of Magnesium in Animals.