Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Dedication -- PART I Biological perspectives -- 1 Nonhuman primate models of memory dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease: contributions from comparative neuropsychology -- INTRODUCTION -- HISTORICAL CONTEXT -- Darwinian influence and Thorndikian connectionism -- Reversal learning and probability learning: control by systematic variation -- OTHER BEHAVIORAL PARADIGMS IN COMPARATIVE PSYCHOLOGY -- Learning set paradigms -- Delayed reaction tasks -- Neuroanatomical systems in delayed reaction task performance. -- Delayed conditional discrimination tasks -- Neuroanatomical systems in delayed conditional discrimination task performance -- PATIENTS WITH NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES OR OTHER NEUROBEHAVIORAL CONDITIONS -- COMPARATIVE NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND MODELS OF MEMORY -- Comparison of working memory tasks and declarative memory tasks -- CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 2 Nonprimate animal models of motor and cognitive dysfunction associated with Huntington's disease -- INTRODUCTION -- NEUROPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE -- DEVELOPMENT OF ANIMAL MODELS OF HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE -- COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL CHANGES IN HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE AND ITS ANIMAL MODELS -- Motor functioning -- Declarative learning and memory in Huntington's disease -- Nondeclarative memory and learning in Huntington's disease -- Learning and memory in animals with caudate lesions -- Executive and attentional functions -- Spatial orientation -- NEUROANATOMICAL CORRELATES OF COGNITIVE DEFICITS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 3 Neuropathology and memory dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease -- INTRODUCTION TO DEMENTIA -- ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE -- Neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease -- Neurotransmitter changes in Alzheimer's disease.

Clinical and neuroanatomic changes in Alzheimer's disease -- Cognitive changes in Alzheimer's disease -- PARKINSON'S DISEASE -- Neuropathology of Parkinson's disease -- Neurotransmitter and neuroanatomic changes in Parkinson's disease -- Cognitive changes in Parkinson's disease -- DIFFUSE LEWY BODY DISEASE (DEMENTIA WITH LEWY BODIES) -- Neuropathology of diffuse Lewy body disease -- Comparison of diffuse Lewy body, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases -- PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY -- Neuropathology of progressive supranuclear palsy -- Neurotransmitter changes in progressive supranuclear palsy -- Cognitive changes in progressive supranuclear palsy -- PICK'S DISEASE -- Neuropathology of Pick's disease -- Cognitive changes in Pick's disease -- Comparison of Pick's and Alzheimer's diseases -- CORTICOBASAL DEGENERATION -- HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE -- Neuropathology of Huntington's disease -- Cognitive changes in Huntington's disease -- PRION DISEASES -- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -- Neuropathology of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -- Cognitive and neurologic changes in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -- Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease -- Kuru -- Fatal familial insomnia -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 4 Neurochemical aspects of memory dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease -- INTRODUCTION -- ANATOMICAL AND NEUROTRANSMITTER CONSIDERATIONS -- Alzheimer's disease -- Parkinson's disease -- Huntington's disease -- REPRESENTATIVE NEUROTRANSMITTER CHANGES AND METHODOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS -- THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS RELATED TO NORMAL MEMORY IN THE MOTOR AND NONMOTOR DOMAINS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 5 Structural neuroimaging correlates of memory dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease -- INTRODUCTION -- NEUROIMAGING ISSUES -- Influences of image acquisition on measurement -- Structure quantification.

Extraneous sources of variance to brain measurement and analysis -- NEUROIMAGING AND MEMORY PERFORMANCE IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES -- Normal aging -- Age-associated memory impairment -- Alcoholism -- Chronic alcoholism. -- Korsakoff's syndrome. -- Alzheimer's disease -- Frontal lobe dementias: Pick's disease -- Parkinson's disease -- Huntington's disease -- Multiple sclerosis -- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 6 Functional neuroimaging correlates of memory dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease -- INTRODUCTION -- Memory -- NEUROIMAGING TECHNIQUES -- Imaging methodology -- PSYCHOMETRICS -- Aging and the problem of normal versus abnormal decline -- NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 7 The biology of neurodegenerative disease -- INTRODUCTION -- ANIMALS AS MODELS OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES IN HUMANS -- Brain damage versus brain dysfunction -- Time and content-based subdivisions of memory distinguish among neurodegenerative diseases -- BRAIN'S CHEMISTRY IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE -- STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING AND INTERINDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES -- The riddle of the prefrontal cortex -- Insights from special subgroups -- Functional neuroimaging and memory dysfunction -- NEUROPATHOLOGY AND COGNITIVE DETERIORATION -- BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES -- REFERENCES -- PART II Cognitive perspectives -- 8 The role of executive deficits in memory disorders in neurodegenerative disease -- INTRODUCTION -- FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTION: WORKING MEMORY -- WORKING MEMORY AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE: AN OVERVIEW -- TOWARDS A THEORETICALLY DRIVEN APPROACH -- WORKING MEMORY IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE: THE EFFECTS OF DISEASE SEVERITY.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MEMORY IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE, PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY AND MULTIPLE SYSTEM ATROPHY -- COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF MEMORY IN ALZHEIMER'S AND HUNTINGTON'S DISEASES -- EXECUTIVE FUNCTION AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE: FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 9 Prospective memory in aging and neurodegenerative disease -- INTRODUCTION -- MEASURING PROSPECTIVE MEMORY -- MODELS OF PROSPECTIVE MEMORY -- AGING AND PROSPECTIVE MEMORY -- PROSPECTIVE MEMORY AND DEMENTING DISORDERS -- Alzheimer's disease -- Parkinson's disease -- Other neurodegenerative disorders -- IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE -- REFERENCES -- 10 Remote memory in neurodegenerative disease -- INTRODUCTION -- THE EPISODIC/SEMANTIC MEMORY DISTINCTION -- GENERAL METHODS OF STUDYING REMOTE MEMORY -- TESTS OF REMOTE MEMORY -- NORMAL AGING -- AMNESIA -- CORTICAL DEMENTIA -- SUBCORTICAL DEMENTIA -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 11 Semantic memory in neurodegenerative disease -- INTRODUCTION -- NEURAL SUBSTRATES OF SEMANTIC MEMORY -- Lesion studies -- Functional neuroimaging -- SEMANTIC MEMORY IMPAIRMENT IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES -- Alzheimer's disease -- Naming -- Category fluency -- Semantic priming -- Semantic 'space': Multidimensional scaling -- 'Semantic dementia' -- Subcortical degenerative dementias -- Huntington's disease -- Parkinson's disease -- Progressive supranuclear palsy -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- 12 Nondeclarative memory in neurodegenerative disease -- INTRODUCTION -- PRIMING -- Conceptual priming -- Perceptual priming -- SKILL LEARNING -- Motor skill learning -- Perceptual and cognitive skill learning -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 13 Memory in neurodegenerative disease: what has been learned about the organization of memory? -- INTRODUCTION -- WORKING MEMORY AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE.

PROSPECTIVE MEMORY AND FRONTAL CORTEX FUNCTION -- REMOTE EPISODIC MEMORY IN DEMENTIA -- SEMANTIC MEMORY AND DEMENTIA -- NONDECLARATIVE MEMORY IN DEMENTIA -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- PART III Clinical perspectives -- 14 Biological and psychosocial risk factors for dementia and memory loss -- INTRODUCTION -- EMPIRICAL FINDINGS -- Age -- Education -- Occupation -- Gender -- Ethnicity -- Family history of dementia and genetic risk factors -- Head injury -- Depression -- IMPLICATIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 15 Cross-cultural issues in the neuropsychological assessment of neurodegenerative disease -- INTRODUCTION -- METHODOLOGICAL AND CONCEPTUAL ISSUES -- FINDINGS FROM CROSS-CULTURAL AND CROSS-ETHNIC STUDIES -- Cross-cultural studies -- Cross-ethnic studies -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- 16 Psychometric issues in the clinical assessment of memory in aging and neurodegenerative disease -- INTRODUCTION -- SENSORY-PERCEPTUAL FACTORS INFLUENCING MEMORY EVALUATIONS -- Visual functions -- Auditory functions -- Language functions -- MEMORY ASSESSMENT BATTERIES -- Wechsler Memory Scales (WMS/WMS-R/WMS-III) -- Normative data -- Psychometric properties -- Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT) -- Memory Assessment Scales (MAS) -- Psychometric properties -- INDIVIDUAL MEMORY TESTS -- California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) -- Psychometric properties. -- Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) -- Selective Reminding Test (SRT) -- Fuld Object Memory Evaluation (FOME) -- Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT) -- Rey Complex Figure (RCF) -- Psychometric properties -- Continuous Visual Memory Test (CVMT) -- DETECTING CHANGES IN MEMORY FUNCTIONS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- 17 The role of memory assessment in the preclinical detection of dementia -- INTRODUCTION -- PRECLINICAL DETECTION OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE.

Memory decline in early Alzheimer's disease.