Scientific Opportunities and Public Needs -- Copyright -- REVIEWERS -- Preface -- Acronyms -- Contents -- Scientific Opportunities and Public Needs -- Executive Summary -- CRITERIA FOR PRIORITY SETTING -- PRIORITY-SETTING PROCESSES -- MECHANISMS FOR PUBLIC INPUT -- CONGRESSIONAL ROLE -- 1 Introduction -- BACKGROUND -- Funding Allocation by Institute and Center -- Funding Allocation by Mechanism -- Funding Allocation by Type of Research -- Funding Allocation by Disease -- RECENT TRENDS AND ISSUES -- IOM COMMITTEE PROCESS -- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT -- 2 Criteria for Priority Setting -- WHY CRITERIA ARE IMPORTANT -- NIH'S CRITERIA FOR PRIORITY SETTING -- Criterion 1. Public Health Needs -- Criterion 2. Quality of Research Supported -- Criterion 3. Scientific Opportunity -- Criterion 4. Portfolio Diversification -- Criterion 5. Adequate Infrastructure Support -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 3 Priority-Setting Processes -- PRIORITY SETTING THROUGH THE BUDGET PROCESS -- NIH DIRECTOR'S ROLE IN PRIORITY SETTING -- Transfer Authority -- Discretionary Fund -- NIH Areas of Research Emphasis -- Advisory Committee to the Director -- PRIORITY SETTING AT THE INSTITUTE LEVEL -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 4 Mechanisms for Public Input -- PUBLIC INPUT INTO PRIORITY SETTING -- RECENT CHANGES -- TWO-WAY COMMUNICATION BETWEEN NIH AND THE PUBLIC -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Offices of Public Liaison: Rationale, Roles, and Responsibilities -- Director's Council of Public Representatives: Rationale, Roles, and Responsibilities -- Policy and Program Advisory Group Membership -- Summary -- 5 Congressional Role -- CONGRESS AND NIH -- How Congress Communicates Priorities -- Appropriations Process -- Authorization Process -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- References -- Appendixes.

A Federal Advisory Committees of the National Institutes of Health -- OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR -- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE -- NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE -- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE -- NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL AND SKIN DISEASES -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DENTAL RESEARCH -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NURSING RESEARCH -- NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE -- WARREN GRANT MAGNUSON CLINICAL CENTER -- JOHN E. FOGARTY INTERNATIONAL CENTER -- NATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH RESOURCES -- CENTER FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY -- CENTER FOR SCIENTIFIC REVIEW -- B Acknowledgments -- PANELISTS -- WRITTEN COMMENTS -- Individuals -- Organizations -- INTERVIEWS AND OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS -- C National Institutes of Health Funding Tables -- D Committee and Staff Biographies -- COMMITTEE BIOGRAPHIES -- STAFF BIOGRAPHIES.