Toward Sustainability -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE -- THE RESEARCH CHALLENGE -- The Need for a Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management Collaborative Research Support Program -- Commitment to Systems-Based Research -- Commitment to Interdisciplinary Inquiry -- Research Approach -- THE GRANT PROGRAM -- Grant Types -- Institutional Participation -- Content of Research Proposals -- Administrative Procedures -- Program Timetable -- CONCLUSION -- 1 Defining the Need -- AGRICULTURE, ENVIRONMENT, AND DEVELOPMENT -- CHARACTERISTICS OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS -- THE RESEARCH CHALLENGE: ADOPTING A SYSTEMS-BASED APPROACH -- 2 Expanding the Management Challenge -- HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF THE COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH SUPPORT PROGRAMS -- CRSP INVOLVEMENT IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE -- 3 Considerations and Criteria for the SANREM Program Design -- PROGRAM OBJECTIVES -- CRITICAL AREAS OF INQUIRY -- 4 SANREM Program Management and Grant Administration -- ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE SANREM CRSP -- Administration by a Management Entity -- Supporting Units -- Board of Directors -- Technical Committee -- External Evaluation Panel -- Sustainable Agriculture Committee -- GRANT ADMINISTRATION -- Types of Grants -- Research Planning Grants -- Research Core Grant -- Research Support Grants -- Funding Levels -- Institutional Participation -- CONTENT OF RESEARCH PROPOSALS -- Description of Research Location and Site -- Significance of Research and Site -- Problem Description and Research Methodology -- Systems-Based Approaches to Ecological and Socioeconomic Research -- Collaborative Arrangements Among U.S. and Host Country Institutions -- Information About Researchers and Other Collaborators.

Capacity for Interdisciplinary Research -- Logistics -- Team Building -- Objectives, Goals, and Performance Indicators -- Data Collection, Management, and Information Sharing -- Feedback Mechanisms and Capacity for Flexibility -- Input from Sustainable Agriculture Professionals -- Farmer Participation -- Institutional Sustainability -- Broader Issues and Impacts -- Capacity to Develop Technologies and Disseminate Knowledge -- Budget -- CONCLUSION -- References -- Appendix A Introduction to Operational Issues -- Appendix B Sustainable Agriculture, International Agricultural Research, and Strategies for Research Collaboration -- INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE -- NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS -- National Agricultural Research Systems -- International Agricultural Research Centers -- FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS -- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE -- AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT -- U.S. UNIVERSITIES -- Synthesis and Analysis of Information -- Improvement in the Knowledge Base -- Strategic Planning -- THE CRITICAL CHALLENGE: REACHING THE FARMER -- STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE RESEARCH COLLABORATIONS -- Build Consensus Through Outreach and Consultation -- Establish Genuine Partnerships -- Develop Shared Objectives, Work Plans, and Time Frames -- Pursue Practical and Feasible Research Agendas -- Create Responsive Communications Mechanisms -- Install Effective Management and Decision-Making Systems -- CONCLUSION: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SANREM PROGRAM -- REFERENCES -- Appendix C Soil Research for Agricultural Sustainability in the Tropics -- SOIL RESEARCH ISSUES -- SOIL-RELATED CONSTRAINTS TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION -- Soil Erosion -- Structural Deterioration and Soil Compaction -- Decline in Soil Organic Matter Content -- Fertility Depletion and Leaching -- Salt Imbalance.

Drought Stress -- RESEARCHABLE PRIORITIES -- Nutrient Management -- Erosion Management -- Residue Management -- Crop Management -- Fallow Management -- Hedge-Row Management and Agroforestry -- Water Management -- Watershed Management -- SYSTEMS APPROACH -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Appendix D The Agroecosystems -- HUMID TROPICS AGROECOSYSTEMS -- SEMIARID RANGE AND SAVANNAH AGROECOSYSTEMS -- HILL LANDS -- INPUT-INTENSIVE AGROECOSYSTEMS -- COMMON PROPERTIES AND GENERAL RESEARCH CRITERIA -- Appendix E Integrated Nutrient Management for Crop Production -- THE LESSON FROM INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT -- DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PROGRAM -- REFERENCES -- Appendix F Integrated Pest Management for Sustainability in Developing Countries -- THE PRACTICE OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT -- Integrated Arthropod Pest Management -- Regulatory Activities -- Cultural Control -- Biological Control -- Practical Examples of Insect Pest Management Programs -- Integrated Disease Management -- Approaches to Integrated Disease Management -- Examples of Successful Integrated Disease Management -- lntegrated Weed Management -- Cultural Control -- Mechanical Control -- Cover Crops and Mulches -- Biological Control -- Chemical Control -- An Example of Integrated Weed Control -- Management of Vertebrate Pests -- THE INTEGRATION OF ARTHROPOD, NEMATODE, DISEASE, AND WEED MANAGEMENT -- THE RELATIONSHIP OF IPM TO SUSTAINABALE AGRICULTURE -- The Impact of Innovative Practices on Pest Management -- Mechanical Operations and Cultivations -- Nutrient Supply and Fertilizer -- Biodiversity and Cropping Patterns -- Integration of Farming Practices and Pest Management -- CONSTRAINTS TO THE ADOPTION OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES -- Education -- Economic and Social Constraints -- Environmental Problems -- Policy Constraints -- Energy.

Research and Extension Support -- REFERENCES -- Appendix G Project Bibliography -- BACKGROUND DOCUMENTS AND PAPERS -- Appendix H Program Participants -- AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT -- Office of Agriculture -- Office of Rural Development -- Office of Forestry, Environment, and Natural Resources -- Bureau for Africa -- Bureau for Asia and Near East -- Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean -- NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL -- Board on Agriculture -- Board on Science and Technology for International Development -- Water Science and Technology Board -- Authors -- RECENT PUBLICATIONS OF THE BOARD ON AGRICULTURE -- RECENT PUBLICATIONS OF THE BOARD ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT.