UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Series Preface -- Preface -- Units and Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction to Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) -- 1.1 Some Applications of UAS -- 1.2 What are UAS? -- 1.3 Why Unmanned Aircraft? -- 1.4 The Systemic Basis of UAS -- 1.5 System Composition -- References -- Part 1 THE DESIGN OF UAV SYSTEMS -- 2 Introduction to Design and Selection of the System -- 2.1 Conceptual Phase -- 2.2 Preliminary Design -- 2.3 Detail Design -- 2.4 Selection of the System -- 3 Aerodynamics and Airframe Configurations -- 3.1 Lift-induced Drag -- 3.2 Parasitic Drag -- 3.3 Rotary-wing Aerodynamics -- 3.4 Response to Air Turbulence -- 3.5 Airframe Configurations -- 3.6 Summary -- References -- 4 Characteristics of Aircraft Types -- 4.1 Long-endurance, Long-range Role Aircraft -- 4.2 Medium-range, Tactical Aircraft -- 4.3 Close-range/Battlefield Aircraft -- 4.4 MUAV Types -- 4.5 MAV and NAV Types -- 4.6 UCAV -- 4.7 Novel Hybrid Aircraft Configurations -- 4.8 Research UAV -- References -- 5 Design Standards and Regulatory Aspects -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 United Kingdom -- 5.3 Europe -- 5.4 United States of America -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Aspects of Airframe Design -- 6.1 Scale Effects -- 6.2 Packaging Density -- 6.3 Aerodynamics -- 6.4 Structures and Mechanisms -- 6.5 Selection of power-plants -- 6.6 Modular Construction -- 6.7 Ancillary Equipment -- References -- 7 Design for Stealth -- 7.1 Acoustic Signature -- 7.2 Visual Signature -- 7.3 Thermal Signature -- 7.4 Radio/Radar Signature -- 7.5 Examples in Practice -- Reference -- 8 Payload Types -- 8.1 Nondispensable Payloads -- 8.2 Dispensable Payloads -- Reference -- 9 Communications -- 9.1 Communication Media -- 9.2 Radio Communication -- 9.3 Mid-air Collision (MAC) Avoidance -- 9.4 Communications Data Rate and Bandwidth Usage.

9.5 Antenna Types -- References -- 10 Control and Stability -- 10.1 HTOL Aircraft -- 10.2 Helicopters -- 10.3 Convertible Rotor Aircraft -- 10.4 Payload Control -- 10.5 Sensors -- 10.6 Autonomy -- References -- 11 Navigation -- 11.1 NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) -- 11.2 TACAN -- 11.3 LORAN C -- 11.4 Inertial Navigation -- 11.5 Radio Tracking -- 11.6 Way-point Navigation -- References -- 12 Launch and Recovery -- 12.1 Launch -- 12.2 Recovery -- 12.3 Summary -- 13 Control Stations -- 13.1 Control Station Composition -- 13.2 Open System Architecture -- 13.3 Mini-UAV 'Laptop' Ground Control Station -- 13.4 Close-range UAV Systems GCS -- 13.5 Medium- and Long-range UAV System GCS -- 13.6 Sea Control Stations (SCS) -- 13.7 Air Control Stations (ACS) -- 14 Support Equipment -- 14.1 Operating and Maintenance Manuals -- 14.2 Consumables -- 14.3 Replaceable Components -- 14.4 Vulnerable and On-condition Components -- 14.5 Tools -- 14.6 Subsidiary Equipment -- 15 Transportation -- 15.1 Micro-UAV -- 15.2 VTOL Close-range Systems -- 15.3 HTOL Close-range Systems -- 15.4 Medium-range Systems -- 15.5 MALE and HALE Systems -- 16 Design for Reliability -- 16.1 Determination of the Required Level of Reliability -- 16.2 Achieving Reliability -- 16.3 Reliability Data Presentation -- 16.4 Multiplexed Systems -- 16.5 Reliability by Design -- 16.6 Design for Ease of Maintenance -- 17 Design for Manufacture and Development -- Part 2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF UAV SYSTEMS -- 18 Introduction to System Development and Certification -- 18.1 System Development -- 18.2 Certification -- 18.3 Establishing Reliability -- 19 System Ground Testing -- 19.1 UAV Component Testing -- 19.2 UAV Sub-assembly and Sub-system Testing -- 19.3 Testing Complete UAV -- 19.4 Control Station Testing -- 19.5 Catapult Launch System Tests -- 19.6 Documentation -- 20 System In-flight Testing.

20.1 Test Sites -- 20.2 Preparation for In-flight Testing -- 20.3 In-flight Testing -- 20.4 System Certification -- Part 3 THE DEPLOYMENT OF UAV SYSTEMS -- 21 Operational Trials and Full Certification -- 21.1 Company Trials -- 21.2 Customer Trials and Sales Demonstrations -- 22 UAV System Deployment -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Network-centric Operations (NCO) -- 22.3 Teaming with Manned and Other Unmanned Systems -- 23 Naval Roles -- 23.1 Fleet Detection and Shadowing -- 23.2 Radar Confusion -- 23.3 Missile Decoy -- 23.4 Anti-submarine Warfare -- 23.5 Radio Relay -- 23.6 Port Protection -- 23.7 Over-beach Reconnaissance -- 23.8 Fisheries Protection -- 23.9 Detection of Illegal Imports -- 23.10 Electronic Intelligence -- 23.11 Maritime Surveillance -- 23.12 Summary -- 24 Army Roles -- 24.1 Covert Reconnaissance and Surveillance -- 24.2 Fall-of-shot Plotting -- 24.3 Target Designation by Laser -- 24.4 NBC Contamination Monitoring -- 24.5 IED and Landmine Detection and Destruction -- 24.6 Electronic Intelligence -- 24.7 Teaming of Manned and Unmanned Systems -- 24.8 System Mobility -- 24.9 Persistent Urban Surveillance -- 25 Air Force Roles -- 25.1 Long-range Reconnaissance and Strike -- 25.2 Airborne Early Warning -- 25.3 Electronic Intelligence -- 25.4 Pre-strike Radar and Anti-aircraft Systems Counter -- 25.5 Interception -- 25.6 Airfield Security -- 26 Civilian, Paramilitary and Commercial R oles -- 26.1 Aerial Photography* -- 26.2 Agriculture -- 26.3 Coastguard and Lifeboat Institutions -- 26.4 Customs and Excise -- 26.5 Conservation -- 26.6 Electricity Companies -- 26.7 Fire Services -- 26.8 Fisheries -- 26.9 Gas and Oil Supply Companies -- 26.10 Information Services -- 26.11 Local Civic Authorities -- 26.12 Meteorological Services* -- 26.13 Traffic Agencies -- 26.14 Ordnance Survey -- 26.15 Police Authorities*.

26.16 Rivers Authorities and Water Boards -- 26.17 Survey Organisations -- 26.18 Communications Relay -- 26.19 Landmine Detection and Destruction -- 26.20 Other Applications -- References -- Part 4 UAS FUTURE -- 27 Future Prospects and Challenges -- 27.1 Introduction -- 27.2 Operation in Civilian Airspace -- 27.3 Power-plant Development -- 27.4 Developments in Airframe Configurations -- 27.5 Autonomy and Artificial Intelligence -- 27.6 Improvement in Communication Systems -- References -- 28 UAV Systems Continuing Evolution -- 28.1 Introduction -- 28.2 Cruise Missiles -- 28.3 World War II Systems -- 28.4 The 1950s -- 28.5 The 1960s -- 28.6 The 1970s -- 28.7 The 1980s -- 28.8 The 1990s -- 28.9 The 2000s -- 28.10 The 2010s -- 28.11 Into the Future -- Appendix A: UAS Organisations -- A.1 Conferences -- A.2 Industry Associations -- A.3 Press Organisations -- A.4 Useful Websites -- A.5 Test Site Facilities -- A.6 Regulators -- Index.