Ageing and dependence are two important characteristics in reliability and survival analysis, and they affect significantly the decision people make with regard to maintenance, repair/replacement, price setting, warranties, medical studies, and other areas. There are many papers published at different technical levels. This book aims at providing a state–of-the-art review of the subject so the interested readers may have a panoramic view of the theory and applications of the two areas. This book serves as reference book for professors and researchers involved in reliability and survival analysis. Students with basic probability and statistics knowledge interested in applications will also find the book useful. C.D. Lai obtained Ph.D. in Statistics from the Victoria University of Wellington. He held positions at the University of Auckland and the National Chiao Tung University (Taiwan) prior to coming to Massey in 1979. Professor Lai has published over 90 peer–reviewed papers and coauthored two well-received books. He is one of the two Editors-in-Chief of the Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences. M. Xie obtained his Ph.D. in Quality Technology from Linkoping University in Sweden. He joined the National University of Singapore in 1991 and was awarded the prestigious Lee Kuan Yew research fellowship. Professor Xie has authored numerous papers and several books, and serves as editor or editorial board member in several international journals.