Contents -- Authors -- Acknowledgements -- Foreword -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Philosophy of tests -- Clinical vignette -- Further reading -- Chapter 1.1 History Highlights -- Clinical vignettes -- Further reading -- Chapter 1.2 Examination Essentials -- Clinical vignettes -- Further reading -- Chapter 2.1 Video with Audio -- Clinical vignettes -- 2.1.6 Alarming spasms -- Chapter 2.2 Electroencephalography -- What is the EEG? -- Provocations -- Special provocations -- Indications for EEG -- Requesting a 'routine' EEG -- Further reading -- Chapter 2.3 Electromyography and Nerve Conduction Studies -- Nerve conduction studies -- Electromyography -- Practical aspects of nerve conduction and EMG -- Notes on some clinical aspects -- 6 Clinical vignettes -- Further reading -- Chapter 2.4 Evoked Potentials -- Electroretinogram -- Visual evoked potentials -- Brainstem auditory evoked potentials -- Somatosensory evoked potentials -- Magnetic stimulation and central conduction time -- Clinical vignettes -- Further reading -- Chapter 2.5 Structural Imaging -- Magnetic resonance imaging -- Limitations of MRI -- Normal myelination for age -- An approach to MRI interpretation in paediatric neurology -- MRI in neurological diagnosis -- Cranial ultrasound -- Brain CT -- Skull radiography -- Spinal imaging -- Other imaging in paediatric neurology -- General imaging -- Clinical vignettes -- Further reading -- Chapter 2.6 Functional Imaging -- Single photon emission computed tomography -- MIBG (meta-iodobenzylguanidine) scanning -- Positron emission tomography -- Magnetic resonance perfusion imaging -- Functional MRI -- Clinical vignettes -- Further reading -- Chapter 2.7 Cerebrospinal Fluid -- Appearance -- Pressure -- Cells -- Protein -- Immunoglobulin - quantitative indices -- Immunoglobulin - qualitative: oligoclonal bands.

Immunoglobulin - quantitative and qualitative -- Glucose -- Special biochemistry -- Contraindications to lumbar punctures -- Clinical vignettes -- Further reading -- Chapter 2.8 Cardiac Tests and Autonomic Function -- Electrocardiography (ECG) -- Autonomic function tests -- Clinical vignettes -- Further reading -- Chapter 2.9 Microscopic Examinations: Cells and Biopsies -- Hair -- Blood -- White cells -- Conjuctiva -- Skin -- Muscle -- Nerve -- Liver -- Rectum -- Brain -- Concluding comments on biopsies and tissue examinations -- Further reading -- Chapter 2.10 Microbiology -- Congenital infection and congenital infection-like disorder -- Acute herpes virus infections -- Chronic viral infections -- Sydenham chorea and possible related conditions -- Other major infections -- Clinical vignettes -- Further reading -- Chapter 2.11 Haematology -- Haemoglobin -- Blood film (smear) -- Full blood count -- Sickle-cell disease and sickle cell traits -- General tests of bleeding and clotting -- Bleeding disorders (coagulopathies) -- Clotting disorders (thrombophilias) -- Clinical vignettes -- Further reading -- Chapter 2.12 Immunology -- Innate immune system -- Acquired (adaptive) immune system -- Clinical vignettes -- Further reading -- Chapter 2.13 Genetic Investigations -- Resources -- Avoidance of other tests -- Management -- Prognosis -- Recurrence -- Family members -- Range of genetic investigations -- Importance of detailed clinical evaluation -- Clinical genetics services -- Clinical vignettes -- Further reading -- Chapter 2.14 Biochemistry -- Urine biochemistry -- Blood biochemistry -- CSF biochemistry -- Organelle-related investigations -- Miscellaneous tests of body chemistry -- Clinical vignettes -- Further reading -- Chapter 2.15 Antiepileptic Drug Monitoring -- Co-studies in children on antiepileptic drugs -- Clinical vignette -- Further reading.

Chapter 3.1 Neonatal Seizures -- Non-epileptic events -- Seizures (of presumed epileptic mechanism) -- Early investigations for rare treatable disorders -- Biochemical investigations beyond 'metabolic screen' -- Genetic studies -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.2 Abnormal Neonatal Neurology -- Flat baby -- Apnoeic baby -- Floppy baby -- Stiff baby -- Reduced movement (hypokinesia) -- Dysmorphic neonate -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.3 Delayed Development -- Bottom-shuffling and other normal motor development variants -- Global developmental delay -- Non-development -- Lack of responsiveness -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.4 Floppy Infant -- Brain -- Spinal cord -- Anterior horn cell -- Neuromuscular junction -- Muscle -- Summary -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.5 Abnormal Head Size -- Microcephaly -- Macrocephaly -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.6 Wobbly-eyed Baby -- Wobbly eyes as an isolated finding -- Wobbly eyes and visual defect -- Wobbly eyes, neurological defects and preserved vision -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.8 Peculiar Gait -- Weakness -- Ataxia -- Dystonia -- Summary -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.9 Learning Disability/ Mental Retardation -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.10 Speech and Language Disorders -- Speech that has not developed adequately -- Acquired loss of speech -- Miscellaneous conditions in which speech and language disorders may be prominent -- Regressive disorders -- Summary -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.11 'Psychiatric' Disorders -- Psychiatric presentations -- Range of investigations in 'psychiatric disorders' -- Concern that something treatable or genetic is being missed -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.12 Epileptic Seizures and Epilepsy -- Some common and important syndromes -- Metabolic and genetic associations -- Metabolic epilepsies -- Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP) -- Conclusion -- Further reading.

Chapter 3.13 Febrile Seizures -- What is a febrile seizure? -- The nature of the seizure -- Febrile regression -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.16 Acquired Neurological Deficits -- Stroke -- Multiple sclerosis and related conditions -- Paraplegia -- Flaccid paralysis -- Facial palsy -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.17 Acute Encephalopathy -- Infectious disorders -- Parainfectious disorders -- Bilateral striatal necrosis (BSN) -- Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) -- Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome -- Trauma -- Tumours -- Toxic disorders -- Metabolic disorders -- Explosive onset of neurological disease -- Summary -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.18 Headache -- Brain tumour -- Systemic arterial hypertension -- Tonsillar ectopia/Chiari I -- Panayiotopoulos syndrome -- Migraine mimics -- Primary angiitis of the central nervous system -- Other vascular episodes -- Summary -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.19 Weakness and Fatigue -- Stiffness -- Weakness -- Fatigue -- Cramps -- Episodic weakness -- Conversion disorder -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.20 Ataxia -- Acute ataxia -- Subacute ataxia -- Episodic ataxia -- Genetic ataxias -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.21 Movement Disorders -- Infancy (first 2 years of life) -- Older children -- Movement disorders in individuals with learning disability -- Further reading -- Chapter 3.22 Progressive Loss of Skills and Dementia -- Outline of diagnostic process -- Too early to know whether condition is regressive or static -- Deterioration in infancy - late infantile -- Deterioration in infancy - infantile -- Older child and adolescent -- Middle childhood -- Leukodystrophies and leukoencephalopathies -- Progressive myoclonus epilepsies -- Deteriorating disorders without dementia -- Deterioration in a child with a 'static' disorder -- Approaches when the diagnosis seems too difficult -- Further reading.

Chapter 3.23 Rare Treatable Disorders -- Further reading -- Appendix 1 Predictive Value of Investigation Results -- Appendix 2 Some Normal Values -- Appendix 3 List of Clinical Vignettes -- Index.