CONTENTS -- Foreword. -- Contributors -- SECTION A The International History Club. -- The Birth of the International Society for the History of Paediatric Surgery: A Narrative Account Jan C. Molenaar, Alice M. C. Ribbink-Goslinga and Ko Hagoort -- SECTION B The Development of Surgical Paediatrics in Countries. -- Australia E. Durham Smith -- Prior to World War II (WWII) -- During and After WWII -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Austria Alexander M. Rokitansky and Gesine Menardi (1936-2007) -- Acknowledgement -- Brazil João Gilberto Maksoud -- Britain Dan G. Young and Robert Carachi -- From Charitable Institutions to Children's Hospitals -- Twentieth Century -- Academia and Paediatric Surgery -- Training of Paediatric Surgeons -- Clubs and Associations -- References -- Canada Sigmund H. Ein and Arlene Ein -- Introduction -- Newfoundland and Labrador -- Nova Scotia -- Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick -- Québec -- Ontario -- Manitoba -- Saskatchewan -- Alberta -- British Columbia -- Yukon Territory, Northwest Territory, Nunavut -- References -- China. Long Li and Jin-Zhe Zhang -- A Brief History of China Society of Pediatric Surgeons -- Evolution of Technology in Pediatric Surgery of China -- Unique Approaches of Pediatric Surgical Work in China -- Outstanding Individuals Contributing to the Development of Surgical Pediatrics in China -- Denmark Ole H. Neilsen -- Before 1945 -- Harald Hirschsprung (1830-1916) -- After 1945 -- Professional Societies -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Eastern Europe Andras W. Pinter -- Introduction -- Belarus -- Bosnia-Herzegovina -- Bulgaria -- Czech Republic -- Estonia -- Georgia -- Hungary -- Latvia -- Lithuania -- Romania -- Serbia -- Russia -- Slovakia -- Ukraine -- Acknowledgement -- Footnote from the Editors -- Egypt. Essam A. Elhalaby and Amel A. Hashish -- Surgery in Ancient Egypt.

Surgery in the Alexandrian Era -- Surgery in the Islamic Era -- Pediatric Surgery in Modern Egypt -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Finland Salminen Päivi -- Early History -- Matti Sulamaa's Time -- Paediatric Anaesthesiology and ICU -- Expanding of Paediatric Surgery in Finland -- Professors of Paediatric Surgery -- Finnish Association of Paediatric Surgeons -- Milestones in Finnish Paediatric Surgery -- Acknowledgement -- France Lionel Coupris -- Germany Alexander Holschneider and Kurt Gdanietz -- General Historical Tradition -- Books -- Hospitals -- French Roots -- Paediatric Surgery in Germany -- Development of Surgical Procedures -- The Development of Paediatric Surgery in the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) -- Future -- References -- Greece Demitris C. Keramidas -- Children's Hospitals -- University Departments of Paediatric Surgery -- General Hospitals -- Recognition of Paediatric Surgery as a Speciality and Establishment of the Greek Association of Paediatric Surgeons (GAPS) -- Acknowledgements -- Hong Kong, Singapore and Vietnam Paul K. H. Tam, Anette S. Jacobsen and Nguyen Thanh Liem -- Hong Kong (Paul K. H. Tam) -- Singapore (Dr Anette Jacobsen) -- Vietnam (Prof Nguyen Thanh Liem) -- References -- India Snehalata S. Deshmukh -- Ireland: Southern Ireland Edward J. Guiney and Ray Fitzgerald -- Ireland: Northern Ireland Victor E. Boston -- References -- Israel Raphael Udassin, Abraham J. Mares and Shemuel Nissan -- Introduction -- Official Accreditation of Pediatric Surgery and the Formation of the Israel Association of Pediatric Surgery -- References -- Italy Francesco Cozzi and Simone Frediani -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Japan Sachiyo Suita -- Before the Modern Era -- Pediatric Surgery in Japan in the Early Days After World War II -- Pediatric Surgery in Japan in the Growing Era.

The Role and Contribution of JSPS to Other Countries and Associations -- Generation Changes and the Future -- Jordan Hayel J. Al-Ejeilat -- Introduction -- Development of Pediatric Surgery -- Pediatric Surgery at RMS, the Difficult Birth -- Development of Pediatric Surgery in Jordan -- Impact of the Development of Pediatric Surgery on Children's Health in Jordan -- Effect on early diagnosis -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Lebanon Michel S. Slim -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Netherlands Daniel C. Aronson -- The Hospitals (1860-1920) -- The Paediatric Surgeons (1920-2008) -- The Organisation of Paediatric Surgery in The Netherlands (1950-2008) -- Acknowledgements -- References -- New Zealand and the South Pacific Spencer W. Beasley -- Introduction -- History, Demography and Topography -- The Specialisation of Paediatric Surgery -- The First Specialists -- Other Paediatric Sub-specialities -- The Starship Children's Hospital -- New Zealand Society of Paediatric Surgeons -- HFA/PSNZ Review of Tertiary Paediatric Services -- Outreach Services -- The Pacific -- Royal Australasian College of Surgeons and Its Training Programmes -- Roles in International Organisations -- Academic and Research -- The Future -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Pakistan Basith Amjad, Zafar Nazir and Khalid Rasheed -- Birth of Paediatric Surgery in Pakistan -- Development of other Centres -- Academic Paediatric Surgery -- Future of Paediatric Surgery in Pakistan -- Poland Maciej Baglaj and Jerzy Czernik -- Background -- 19th Century -- 20th Century -- After World War II -- References -- Portugal António Gentil Martins -- State of the Art of Paediatric Surgery at the Main Portuguese Centers -- Author's background: Prof Dr António Gentil Martins -- South Africa Heinz Rode and Alastair J. W. Millar -- Introduction -- Paediatric Surgery as a Discipline.

Facilities for Paediatric Surgery -- Paediatric Surgery and Apartheid -- Transvaal Memorial Hospital for Children and Paediatric Surgery -- The King Edward VIII Hospital and Paediatric Surgery -- Pretoria Academic Hospital and Kalafong -- Karl Bremer and Tygerberg Hospitals -- Bloemfontein and Paediatric Surgery -- Paediatric Surgery in the Eastern Cape -- South African Association of Paediatric Surgeons -- Colleges of Medicine of South Africa -- What about the Future? -- References -- Spain Juan A. Tovar and Alfredo Marques-Gubern -- Sweden Leif Olsen -- The Beginning -- The Pioneers -- The Successors -- The Situation Today -- Females in Paediatric Surgery -- The Future -- Acknowledgement -- Switzerland Nicolas Lutz and Noël Genton -- The Beginning -- Max Grob* (1901-1976) -- The Years 1960 to 1990 -- Today and Tomorrow -- References -- Turkey - Anatolia S. N. Cenk Büyükünal and Nil Sari -- For the Patients -- Huccet -- What were the Responsibilities of a Surgeon? -- When was the Surgeon Regarded as Responsible in the Case of any Injury and Complication? -- Ethical Advice in Surgical Manuscript Cerrahiyetü'l Haniye of Sabuncuoglu S¸erafeddin from Amasya (mid XVth century)4-7 -- Ethical Advices in Surgical Manuscript Alâim-i Cerrahîn (XVth Century by Ibrahim bin Abdullah) -- Examples of Copies of Contracts Signed by Fathers Giving Consent for Pediatric Urological Procedures -- References -- United Arab Emirates Abdul R. Mustafawi and Wasfi K. Jaouni -- Dubai -- Al Ain -- Abu Dhabi -- United States of America James A. O'Neil Jr. and Eric W. Fonkalsrud -- Pediatric Surgery Education -- Organizational Changes and Maturation of the Field -- Research Contributions Translated to Care -- References -- SECTION C Selected Biographies -- Harvey Beardmore (1921-2007) -- Reference -- J. J. Mason Brown (1903-1964).

Sir Denis Browne and his Australian Connection (1892-1966) -- Reference -- Bernhard Duhamel (1919-1996). -- Reference -- Judah Folkman (1933-2008) -- Reference -- Miss Isabella Forshall (1900-1989) -- Steve Gans* see United States of America and Journal of Padiatric Surgery (1920-1994) -- Max Grob* see Switzerland (1901-1976). -- Jay L. Grosfeld -- Robert E. Gross (1905-1988) -- Reference -- Michael Harrison* see Fetal Surgery -- William Hardy Hendren -- Harald Hirschsprung* see Denmark (1830-1916). -- Dr J. W. Holter (1916-2003). -- Morio Kasai* see Japan (1922-2008) -- Charles Everett Koop -- Reference -- William E. Ladd (1880-1967) -- Jannie Louw (1915-1992) -- Reference -- Jan Molenaar* see Netherlands and Section A. -- James H. Nicoll* see Day Surgery (1864-1921) -- Alberto Peña -- Conrad Ramstedt (1867-1963) -- References -- Fritz Rehbein (1911-1991). -- Peter Paul Rickham (1917-2003) -- F. Soave (1917-1984). -- Reference -- F. Douglas Stephens. -- Keijiro Suruga* see Japan. -- Orvar Swenson -- Reference -- Yoshiaki Tsuchida (1936-2005). -- Max Wilms - A Man and Syndrome (1867-1918) -- Dan G. Young -- Jin-Zhe Zhang -- SECTION D Associations and Journals -- Associations -- A number of other associations are detailed under the various countries (Section 15). -- American Pediatric Surgical Association (APSA) Dan G. Young -- Arab Association of Paediatric Surgeons Hayel J. Al-Ejeilat -- Australasian Association of Paediatric Surgeons E Durham Smith -- British Association of Paediatric Surgeons (BAPS) Dan G. Young -- References -- Canadian Association of Paediatric Surgeons (CAPS): The First 40 Years Sigmund H. Ein and Arlene Ein -- References -- European Paediatric Surgeons' Association (EUPSA) Robert Carachi -- German Association of Paediatric Surgeons (BRD, West-Germany) Alexander Holschneider and Kurt Gdanietz.

Honours of the German Association of Paediatric Surgery.