Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1 Introducing Penguins -- What are penguins? -- Why are penguins important? -- Why should people care about penguins? -- How many kinds of penguins are there? -- What is the current classification of penguins? -- What characterizes the major groups of penguins? -- Why are there no penguins in the Northern Hemisphere? -- Where do penguins live? -- Are there fossil penguins? -- When did penguins first evolve? -- What is the oldest fossil penguin? -- What is the largest fossil penguin? -- 2 Form and Function -- What are the largest and smallest living penguins? -- What is the basic structure of penguins? -- What is the metabolism of a penguin? -- Do penguins have teeth? -- Do penguins sleep? -- Can penguins see color? -- Do penguins molt? -- Can penguins run? -- Why do penguins have flippers? -- Can penguins breathe under water? -- Do penguins need to drink? -- 3 Penguin Colors -- Why are penguins black and white? -- What causes the different color patterns of penguins? -- What color are penguin feet? -- What color are a penguin's eyes? -- Do penguins' color patterns change as they grow? -- Do a penguin's colors change from season to season? -- Is there much geographic color variation in a single penguin species? -- 4 Penguin Behavior -- Are penguins social? -- Do penguins fight? -- Do penguins bite? -- How smart are penguins? -- Do penguins play? -- Do penguins talk? -- How do penguins avoid predators? -- 5 Penguin Ecology -- Where do penguins sleep? -- Do penguins migrate? -- Are penguins good divers? -- How fast do penguins swim, and how fast can they swim? -- Which regions have the most species of penguins? -- How do penguins survive the extreme cold? -- How do penguins survive the winter? -- Do penguins get too hot? -- Do penguins have enemies? -- Do penguins get sick?.

How can you tell if a penguin is sick? -- Are penguins good for the environment? -- 6 Reproduction and Development -- How do penguins reproduce? -- Where do penguins lay their eggs? -- Does a penguin nest at the same time and in the same place every year? -- Do penguins nest only one time a year? -- How many eggs do penguins lay? -- Are all hatchlings in a penguin nest full siblings? -- Are all penguins in a colony related to one another? -- How is the sex of a penguin determined? -- How long do penguins care for their young? -- How fast do penguins grow? -- How can you tell the age of a penguin? -- How long do penguins live? -- 7 Food and Feeding -- What do penguins eat? -- Do penguins chew their food? -- How do penguins find food? -- Are any penguins scavengers? -- Do penguins ever store their food? -- 8 Penguins and Humans -- Do people ever have pet penguins? -- How do you take care of a pet penguin? -- Are penguins dangerous? -- Do penguins feel pain? -- What should I do if I find an injured penguin? -- What should I do if I find a penguin crossing the road? -- What should I do if I find a penguin laying eggs? -- What should I do if I find a baby penguin? -- How can I see penguins in the wild? -- Do people feed wild penguins? -- 9 Penguin Problems (from a human viewpoint) -- Are penguins ever pests? -- Do penguins reduce the number of fish or krill? -- Do penguins kill endangered species? -- Do penguins have diseases, and are they contagious? -- Do people eat penguins, and is it safe? -- 10 Human Problems (from a penguin's viewpoint) -- What are the least and the most abundant penguins? -- How are penguins counted? -- Are any penguins endangered? -- How does tourism affect penguins? -- Will penguins be affected by global warming? -- Are penguins affected by pollution? -- Do zoos and aquariums remove penguins from the wild?.

Are any commercial products made from penguins? -- What can an ordinary citizen do to help penguins? -- Are penguins important to the conservation effort? -- 11 Penguins in Stories and Literature -- Have penguins played a role in religion and mythology? -- What do penguins have to do with fairy tales? -- What roles have penguins played in native cultures? -- What roles do penguins play in popular culture? -- What roles have penguins played in poetry and other literature? -- 12 "Penguinology" -- Who studies penguins? -- Which species are best known? -- Which species is least known? -- How do scientists tell penguins apart? -- Appendix A: Penguins of the World -- Appendix B: Penguin Research and Conservation Organizations -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y.