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Interaction of Polymers with Polluted Atmospheres.
Title:
Interaction of Polymers with Polluted Atmospheres.
Author:
Zaikov, Gennady.
ISBN:
9781847353788
Personal Author:
Edition:
1st ed.
Physical Description:
1 online resource (278 pages)
Contents:
Introduction -- 1 Classification of Polymers with respect to Reactivity toward Nitrogen Oxides -- 1.2 Interaction of Rubbers with NO2 -- 1.3 Interaction of NO2 with Aliphatic Polyamides and Polyurethanes -- References -- 2 Properties and Applications of Aminoxyl Radicals in Polymer Chemistry -- 2.1 Structure and Physical Properties of Stable Radicals -- 2.2 ESR Spectroscopy of ARs -- 2.3 Chemical Properties of ARs -- 2.4 Applications of ARs -- 2.5 Generation of ARs in Reactions of Spin Trapping -- 2.6 Synthesis of Polymers Containing Stable ARs -- References -- 3 Interaction of Polymers with Nitric Oxide -- 3.1 Interaction of NO with Organic Compounds -- 3.2 Reactions of NO with Macroradicals Generated by the Photolysis and Radiolysis of Polymers -- 3.2.1 Synthesis of Spin-Labelled Fluorinated Polymers by Free-Radical Reaction in the Presence of NO -- 3.2.2 Photolysis of Polymethylmethacrylate and Acetyl Cellulose in NO -- 3.2.3 Radiolysis of Acetyl Cellulose and Polymethylmethacrylate in NO -- 3.3 Interaction of Polymeric Hydroperoxides with NO -- References -- 4 Free-Radical Conversions of Polymers Initiated by Nitrogen Trioxide -- 4.1 Methods of Generation of NO3 -- 4.2 Photochemistry of NO3 -- 4.3 Interaction of NO3 with Organic Compounds -- 4.4 Cross-linking of Macromolecules via the Photoreactions of NO3 -- References -- 5 Reactions of Nitrogen Dioxide with Organic Compounds -- 5.1 Reactions of NO2 with Alkanes -- 5.2 Reactions of NO2 with Aromatic Compounds -- 5.3 Reactions of NO2 with Phenols -- 5.4. Interaction of NO2 with Alkenes, Dienes and Polyenes -- 5.5 Radical Conversions of p-benzoquinones in Reactions with NO2 -- References -- 6 Nitrogen Dioxide Monoradicals in Reactions of Modification and Degradation of Macromolecules -- 6.1 Formation of Spin-Labelled Polymers in Reactions of NO2 with the Double Bonds of Macromolecules.

6.2 ESR Imaging in Studies of the Spatial Distribution of the Reaction Front of NO2 in Polymers -- 6.3 Polymer Degradation in Reactions of Peroxide Macroradicals with NO2 -- References -- 7 Role of Nitrogen Dioxide Dimers in Reactions with Polymers -- 7.1 Formation of Nitrosonium Complexes from Organic Compounds and NO2 -- 7.2 Direct Experimental Detection of Primary Radical Cations and Products of Their Decomposition in the Reactions of Nitrosyl Nitrate -- 7.3 Oxidative Generation of Stable Nitrogen-Containing Radicals in Aliphatic Polyamides and Polyvinylpyrrolidone -- 7.4 Ion-Radical Conversions of Aromatic Polyamides in the Presence of NO2 -- 7.5 Oxidative Radical Generation via NO2 Dimer Conversions Induced by the Amide Groups of Macromolecules -- 7.6 Interaction of Aromatic Polyimides with NO2 -- References -- Abbreviations -- Index.
Abstract:
Nitrogen oxides are common by-products of fossil fuel combustion and are one of the most significant types of air pollution. The nitric oxides react with UV radiation to form oxides of nitrogen, ozone and acids. The nitrogen oxides can have considerable impact of the life of polymers in the environment and can be responsible for failure of polymer products, so it is important to know how these effects will manifest.Most of the earlier studies of the effect of nitrogen oxides on polymeric materials have involved the determination of changes in the average molecular weight and mechanical properties, as well as changes in chemical structure using infrared spectroscopy. However, these characteristics provide no direct information on the mechanism of intermediate stages of the complicated processes of polymer degradation under the action of these aggressive gases. In this book, novel results obtained by other physicochemical methods especially electron spin resonance spectroscopy are considered for various polymers. The influence of different functional groups on the mechanism of interaction of nitrogen oxides with polymers are discussed. The features of ion-radical initiation of conversions of polymers by dimers of nitrogen dioxide are also considered. Various other techniques for studying these interactions are also discussed.This handbook will be of interest to all those who produce polymer products that are likely to spend their life in an outdoors environment. It will also be useful to the manufacturers of raw materials used in these products. Technicians who are involved in material testing will also find a wealth of information about testing for the effects of ozone on polymers.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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